Benotti Mark J, Brownawell Bruce J
Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2009 Mar;157(3):994-1002. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.10.009. Epub 2008 Nov 26.
Microbial degradation rates were measured for 19 pharmaceuticals in estuarine and coastal surface water samples. Antipyrine, carbamazepine, cotinine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim were the most refractory (half-lives, t(1/2)=35 to >100 days), making them excellent candidates for wastewater tracers. Nicotine, acetaminophen, and fluoxetine were labile across all treatments (t(1/2)=0.68-11 days). Caffeine, diltiazem, and nifedipine were also and relatively labile in all but one of the treatments (t(1/2)=3.5-13 days). Microbial degradation of caffeine was further confirmed by production (14)CO(2). The fastest decay of non-refractory compounds was always observed in more sewage-affected Jamaica Bay waters. Degradation rates for the majority of these pharmaceuticals are much slower than reported rates for small biomolecules, such as glucose and amino acids. Batch sorption experiments indicate that removal of these soluble pharmaceuticals from the water column to sediments is a relatively insignificant removal process in these receiving waters.
对河口和沿海水域表层水样中的19种药物进行了微生物降解速率测定。安替比林、卡马西平、可替宁、磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶最难降解（半衰期t(1/2)=35至>100天），使其成为废水示踪剂的理想选择。尼古丁、对乙酰氨基酚和氟西汀在所有处理中都不稳定（t(1/2)=0.68 - 11天）。咖啡因、地尔硫卓和硝苯地平在除一种处理外的所有处理中也相对不稳定（t(1/2)=3.5 - 13天）。咖啡因的微生物降解通过产生(14)CO(2)得到进一步证实。在受污水影响更大的牙买加湾水域，总是观察到非难降解化合物的最快降解。这些药物中大多数的降解速率比葡萄糖和氨基酸等小生物分子的报道速率慢得多。批量吸附实验表明，在这些受纳水体中，这些可溶性药物从水柱到沉积物的去除是一个相对微不足道的去除过程。
