College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Chemosphere. 2012 Jun;88(1):17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.017. Epub 2012 Apr 9.
Occurrence and removal efficiencies of fifteen pharmaceuticals were investigated in a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant in Michigan. Concentrations of these pharmaceuticals were determined in both wastewater and sludge phases by a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Detailed mass balance analysis was conducted during the whole treatment process to evaluate the contributing processes for pharmaceutical removal. Among the pharmaceuticals studied, demeclocycline, sulfamerazine, erythromycin and tylosin were not detected in the wastewater treatment plant influent. Other target pharmaceuticals detected in wastewater were also found in the corresponding sludge phase. The removal efficiencies of chlortetracycline, tetracycline, sulfamerazine, acetaminophen and caffeine were >99%, while doxycycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and lincomycin exhibited relatively lower removal efficiencies (e.g., <50%). For sulfamethoxazole, the removal efficiency was approximately 90%. Carbamazepine manifested a net increase of mass, i.e. 41% more than the input from the influent. Based on the mass balance analysis, biotransformation is believed to be the predominant process responsible for the removal of pharmaceuticals (22% to 99%), whereas contribution of sorption to sludge was relatively insignificant (7%) for the investigated pharmaceuticals.
在密歇根州的一个常规城市污水处理厂中，研究了十五种药物的出现和去除效率。通过高效液相色谱仪与串联质谱仪联用，在废水和污泥相中测定了这些药物的浓度。在整个处理过程中进行了详细的质量平衡分析，以评估药物去除的贡献过程。在所研究的药物中，未在污水处理厂进水口检测到去甲金霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、红霉素和泰乐菌素。在废水中检测到的其他目标药物也在相应的污泥相中被发现。金霉素、四环素、磺胺甲恶唑、对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的去除效率>99%，而强力霉素、土霉素、磺胺嘧啶和林可霉素的去除效率相对较低（例如，<50%）。对于磺胺甲噁唑，去除效率约为 90%。卡马西平的质量表现出净增加，即比进水输入量多 41%。基于质量平衡分析，认为生物转化是导致药物去除的主要过程（22%至 99%），而吸附对污泥的贡献相对较小（7%），对于所研究的药物而言。
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