光学相干断层扫描：洞察多发性硬化症机制的一扇窗口。
Optical coherence tomography: a window into the mechanisms of multiple sclerosis.
作者信息
Frohman Elliot M, Fujimoto James G, Frohman Teresa C, Calabresi Peter A, Cutter Gary, Balcer Laura J
机构信息
Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
出版信息
Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2008 Dec;4(12):664-75. doi: 10.1038/ncpneuro0950.
The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination, which culminates in a reduction in axonal transmission. Axonal and neuronal degeneration seem to be concomitant features of MS and are probably the pathological processes responsible for permanent disability in this disease. The retina is unique within the CNS in that it contains axons and glia but no myelin, and it is, therefore, an ideal structure within which to visualize the processes of neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, and potentially even neurorestoration. In particular, the retina enables us to investigate a specific compartment of the CNS that is targeted by the disease process. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide high-resolution reconstructions of retinal anatomy in a rapid and reproducible fashion and, we believe, is ideal for precisely modeling the disease process in MS. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of the physics of OCT, the unique properties of this method with respect to imaging retinal architecture, and the applications that are being developed for OCT to understand mechanisms of tissue injury within the brain.
多发性硬化症（MS）的病理生理学特征为脱髓鞘，最终导致轴突传递减少。轴突和神经元变性似乎是MS的伴随特征，可能是该疾病导致永久性残疾的病理过程。视网膜在中枢神经系统（CNS）中独具特色，因为它含有轴突和神经胶质细胞，但没有髓磷脂，因此，它是一个理想的结构，可用于观察神经变性、神经保护甚至可能的神经修复过程。特别是，视网膜使我们能够研究疾病过程所靶向的中枢神经系统的特定部分。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）能够以快速且可重复的方式提供视网膜解剖结构的高分辨率重建，我们认为，这对于精确模拟MS的疾病过程非常理想。在本综述中，我们广泛概述了OCT的物理学原理、该方法在成像视网膜结构方面的独特特性，以及正在开发的用于OCT以了解脑内组织损伤机制的应用。
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