Carpagnano Giovanna Elisiana, Palladino Grazia Pia, Gramiccioni Claudia, Spanevello Antonio, Cagnazzo Maria Grazia, Barbaro Maria Pia Foschino
Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e del Lavoro, Università, Foggia.
Recenti Prog Med. 2008 Sep;99(9):417-21.
Lung cancer remains the most frequent tumour and cause of cancer death in worldwide. Unfortunately most of patients still discover their tumour in advanced stage. Lung cancer results from the occurrence of a number of genetic alterations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes that are potential markers either for screening procedures or for earlier detection in patients with non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It was estimated that about 10 to 20 genetic events are required for lung tumorigenesis. These genetic changes are triggered by smoking and persist for many years after smoking cessation. Continuously, more sophisticated methods for the analysis of these genetic alterations involved in lung cancer become available. Several molecular alterations involved in lung cancer have been already identified in different biological samples (biopsy, BAL) that are collected with highly invasive techniques that make them poorly suitable for wider screening. Recently the DNA has been extracted from exhaled breath condensate, demonstrating the suitability of this sample for the study of genetic alterations and its potential role in screening programs of subjects at risk of lung cancer.
肺癌仍然是全球最常见的肿瘤以及癌症死亡原因。不幸的是，大多数患者仍在晚期才发现肿瘤。肺癌是由原癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因中多种基因改变引起的，这些基因改变是筛查程序或非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者早期检测的潜在标志物。据估计，肺癌发生需要约10至20个基因事件。这些基因变化由吸烟引发，并在戒烟后持续多年。不断地，用于分析肺癌中这些基因改变的更复杂方法变得可用。在肺癌中涉及的几种分子改变已在通过高度侵入性技术收集的不同生物样本（活检、支气管肺泡灌洗）中被鉴定出来，这使得它们不太适合更广泛的筛查。最近，已从呼出气体冷凝物中提取了DNA，证明了该样本在研究基因改变方面的适用性及其在肺癌高危人群筛查项目中的潜在作用。
