Bowman Brett, Matzopoulos Richard, Butchart Alexander, Mercy James A
Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2008 Dec;15(4):209-19. doi: 10.1080/17457300802417911.
Along with the numerous trauma-related impacts of violence and its effects on other health outcomes, the social toll of violence is further exacerbated by economic costs that represent formidable threats to fiscal growth and development. A companion piece to a review of the scientific literature describing the nature, magnitude and impact of violence on health (Matzopoulos, Bowman, Butchart & Mercy, 2008) in this issue, this paper reviews the current knowledge base on violence and development with a specific focus on low- to middle-income countries. It describes how violence impacts on all eight goals of the Millennium Development Plan and exerts a considerable economic burden on already stressed state systems and social spending. Violence will become an increasingly important threat to development and is receiving growing recognition among the global health community and within health ministries. The near absence of violence prevention within the global development agenda is, however, cause for concern. There is an urgent need to mobilise the international development community to provide financial and technical support for intersectoral collaboration, multilateral research cooperation and the development of research capacity towards addressing violence as a significant threat to development.
除了暴力造成的与创伤相关的诸多影响及其对其他健康结果的作用外，暴力的社会代价还因经济成本而进一步加剧，这些成本对财政增长和发展构成了巨大威胁。作为本期一篇综述科学文献的姊妹篇，该文献描述了暴力对健康的性质、程度和影响（马佐普洛斯、鲍曼、布查特和默西，2008年），本文回顾了关于暴力与发展的现有知识基础，特别关注低收入和中等收入国家。它描述了暴力如何影响千年发展计划的所有八个目标，并给本就压力重重的国家体系和社会支出带来相当大的经济负担。暴力将对发展构成日益严重的威胁，并且在全球卫生界和各国卫生部内部正得到越来越多的认识。然而，全球发展议程中几乎没有预防暴力的内容，这令人担忧。迫切需要动员国际发展界为部门间合作、多边研究合作以及发展应对暴力这一对发展构成重大威胁的研究能力提供财政和技术支持。
