Kelsey T W, Jenkins P L
New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health, Cooperstown 13326.
Am J Public Health. 1991 Jul;81(7):921-3. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.7.921.
Tractor roll-overs are the leading cause of fatal farm accidents, accounting for more than one-fourth of all agriculturally related deaths. Most of these deaths could be prevented if the tractors were equipped with roll-over protective structures (ROPS). This study estimates the number of tractors in New York without ROPS, projects their retirement, and then estimates the number of lives which would be saved if ROPS were retrofitted on old tractors. The basic costs associated with mandating ROPS are calculated from these estimates. The minimum economic cost of mandating ROPS is $511,136 per life saved for the retrofits, and an additional $253,254 per life saved for every $1 million spent annually on enforcement. It is concluded that a policy mandating ROPS on all tractors would be expensive, but should be considered with particular attention to the need for and cost effectiveness of enforcement.
拖拉机翻车是农场致命事故的主要原因，占所有农业相关死亡人数的四分之一以上。如果拖拉机配备翻车保护结构（ROPS），这些死亡中的大多数是可以避免的。本研究估计了纽约州未配备ROPS的拖拉机数量，预测了它们的淘汰情况，然后估计了如果在旧拖拉机上加装ROPS可以挽救的生命数量。根据这些估计计算出强制安装ROPS的基本成本。强制安装ROPS的最低经济成本为每挽救一条生命，改装费用为511,136美元，每年每花费100万美元用于执法，还需额外花费253,254美元用于挽救一条生命。结论是，要求所有拖拉机安装ROPS的政策成本高昂，但应予以考虑，尤其要关注执法的必要性和成本效益。
