Molaei Goudarz, Andreadis Theodore G, Armstrong Philip M, Diuk-Wasser Maria
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntingon St., P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2008 Nov;45(6):1143-51. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[1143:hpopmv]2.0.co;2.
We evaluated the blood-feeding patterns in several mosquito species that may serve as vectors of disease agents in the northeastern United States. Blood-fed mosquitoes were collected from 91 different sites throughout Connecticut over a 6-yr period (June-October 2002-2007), and the host-feeding patterns of 23 mosquito species representing six genera were examined by using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay and sequencing portions of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA. This study was part of a statewide surveillance program and for some of the mosquito species a limited number of specimens were examined [e.g., Aedes communis (De Geer) (1), Anopheles barberi Coquillett (1), Uranotaenia sapphirina (Osten Sacken) (5)]. With the exception of Culex territans Walker that acquired bloodmeals from all four classes of vertebrates--birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals--all species of Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and to a lesser degree, Uranotaenia, were found to feed predominately upon mammalian hosts. Fourteen mammalian species were identified as sources of blood, but the majority of feedings were taken from the white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus. Human-derived bloodmeals were identified from 13 of the 23 mosquito species. Limited avian-derived bloodmeals were detected in Aedes canadensis (Theobald), Aedes cantator (Coquillett), Aedes cinereus Meigen, Aedes triseriatus (Coquillett), Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett), Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker) Cx. territans, Psorophoraferox (von Humboldt), and Ur. sapphirina. American robin, Turdus migratorius, was the most common source of avian blood, followed by a few other mostly Passeriformes birds. We conclude that the white-tailed deer serve as the main vertebrate host for these mammalophilic mosquitoes in this region of the United States. This feeding pattern supports enzootic amplification of arboviruses, including Jamestown Canyon, Cache Valley, and Potosi viruses that perpetuate in cervid hosts. Occasional feeding on avian hosts suggests that some of these mosquito species, such as Cq. perturbans, also could facilitate transmission of West Nile and eastern equine encephalitis viruses from viremic birds to mammalian hosts.
我们评估了美国东北部几种可能作为病原体传播媒介的蚊子的吸血模式。在6年期间（2002年6月至2007年10月），从康涅狄格州的91个不同地点采集了吸食过血液的蚊子，并通过基于聚合酶链反应的检测方法和对线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因部分进行测序，研究了代表6个属的23种蚊子的宿主吸血模式。本研究是全州监测项目的一部分，对于一些蚊子种类，只检测了有限数量的标本[例如，普通伊蚊（De Geer）（1只）、巴氏按蚊Coquillett（1只）、蓝宝石色库蚊（Osten Sacken）（5只）]。除了从鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和哺乳动物这四类脊椎动物身上获取血餐的尖音库蚊外，所有伊蚊属、按蚊属、柯氏蚊属、骚蚊属的种类，以及在较小程度上的色库蚊属，都被发现主要以哺乳动物宿主为食。已确定14种哺乳动物为血液来源，但大多数吸血行为来自白尾鹿，即弗吉尼亚鹿。在23种蚊子中的13种中检测到了人类来源的血餐。在加拿大伊蚊（Theobald）、歌带伊蚊（Coquillett）、灰黑伊蚊Meigen、三带喙库蚊（Coquillett）、三线伊蚊（Coquillett）、骚扰柯氏蚊（Walker）、尖音库蚊、凶猛骚蚊（von Humboldt）和蓝宝石色库蚊中检测到了有限的鸟类来源的血餐。美洲知更鸟，即旅鸫，是鸟类血液最常见的来源，其次是其他一些主要为雀形目的鸟类。我们得出结论，白尾鹿是美国该地区这些嗜哺乳动物蚊子的主要脊椎动物宿主。这种吸血模式支持了包括詹姆斯敦峡谷病毒、卡奇谷病毒和波托西病毒在内的虫媒病毒在动物宿主中的地方性扩增，这些病毒在鹿类宿主中持续存在。偶尔以鸟类宿主为食表明，这些蚊子中的一些种类，如骚扰柯氏蚊，也可能促进西尼罗河病毒和东部马脑炎病毒从病毒血症鸟类向哺乳动物宿主的传播。
