Instantaneous gene transfer from donor to recipient microorganisms via electroporation.

Simplified electroporation methodologies have been developed that reliably yield transformants with only minutes of effort. Neither DNA purification, cells in specific phase of growth, cell washing nor chilled cuvettes are required to obtain transformants. Electroporation can be used to transfer plasmid or chromosomal DNA directly from donor to recipient cells. This simplified direct method of electroporation has been demonstrated to work for both intra- as well as interspecies transformations using a variety of microorganisms. The use of electroporation to purify plasmid DNA was also investigated and found to be inferior to conventional plasmid isolation procedures.