Adams Susan M, Bosch Elena, Balaresque Patricia L, Ballereau Stéphane J, Lee Andrew C, Arroyo Eduardo, López-Parra Ana M, Aler Mercedes, Grifo Marina S Gisbert, Brion Maria, Carracedo Angel, Lavinha João, Martínez-Jarreta Begoña, Quintana-Murci Lluis, Picornell Antònia, Ramon Misericordia, Skorecki Karl, Behar Doron M, Calafell Francesc, Jobling Mark A
Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Am J Hum Genet. 2008 Dec;83(6):725-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007.
Most studies of European genetic diversity have focused on large-scale variation and interpretations based on events in prehistory, but migrations and invasions in historical times could also have had profound effects on the genetic landscape. The Iberian Peninsula provides a suitable region for examination of the demographic impact of such recent events, because its complex recent history has involved the long-term residence of two very different populations with distinct geographical origins and their own particular cultural and religious characteristics-North African Muslims and Sephardic Jews. To address this issue, we analyzed Y chromosome haplotypes, which provide the necessary phylogeographic resolution, in 1140 males from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Admixture analysis based on binary and Y-STR haplotypes indicates a high mean proportion of ancestry from North African (10.6%) and Sephardic Jewish (19.8%) sources. Despite alternative possible sources for lineages ascribed a Sephardic Jewish origin, these proportions attest to a high level of religious conversion (whether voluntary or enforced), driven by historical episodes of social and religious intolerance, that ultimately led to the integration of descendants. In agreement with the historical record, analysis of haplotype sharing and diversity within specific haplogroups suggests that the Sephardic Jewish component is the more ancient. The geographical distribution of North African ancestry in the peninsula does not reflect the initial colonization and subsequent withdrawal and is likely to result from later enforced population movement-more marked in some regions than in others-plus the effects of genetic drift.
大多数关于欧洲遗传多样性的研究都集中在大规模变异以及基于史前事件的解读上，但历史时期的移民和入侵也可能对遗传格局产生深远影响。伊比利亚半岛为研究此类近期事件的人口统计学影响提供了一个合适的区域，因为其复杂的近代历史涉及两个地理起源截然不同、拥有各自独特文化和宗教特征的非常不同的人群——北非穆斯林和西班牙裔犹太人的长期居住。为了解决这个问题，我们分析了来自伊比利亚半岛和巴利阿里群岛的1140名男性的Y染色体单倍型，这些单倍型提供了必要的系统地理学分辨率。基于二元和Y-STR单倍型的混合分析表明，来自北非（10.6%）和西班牙裔犹太人（19.8%）来源的祖先平均比例很高。尽管被归为西班牙裔犹太人起源的谱系可能有其他来源，但这些比例证明了在社会和宗教不容忍的历史事件推动下，宗教皈依程度很高（无论是自愿还是被迫），最终导致了后代的融合。与历史记录一致，对特定单倍群内单倍型共享和多样性的分析表明，西班牙裔犹太人成分更为古老。半岛上北非血统的地理分布并不反映最初的殖民以及随后的撤离，很可能是后来被迫的人口迁移造成的——在某些地区比其他地区更为明显——再加上基因漂变的影响。
