DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil.
DNA Forensic Laboratory, Argentinean Forensic Anthropology Team, Córdoba 14001, Argentina.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Nov 12;12(11):1788. doi: 10.3390/genes12111788.
Immigrants from diverse origins have arrived in Paraguay and produced important demographic changes in a territory initially inhabited by indigenous Guarani. Few studies have been performed to estimate the proportion of Native ancestry that is still preserved in Paraguay and the role of females and males in admixture processes. Therefore, 548 individuals from eastern Paraguay were genotyped for three marker sets: mtDNA, Y-SNPs and autosomal AIM-InDels. A genetic homogeneity was found between departments for each set of markers, supported by the demographic data collected, which showed that only 43% of the individuals have the same birthplace as their parents. The results show a sex-biased intermarriage, with higher maternal than paternal Native American ancestry. Within the native mtDNA lineages in Paraguay (87.2% of the total), most haplogroups have a broad distribution across the subcontinent, and only few are concentrated around the Paraná River basin. The frequency distribution of the European paternal lineages in Paraguay (92.2% of the total) showed a major contribution from the Iberian region. In addition to the remaining legacy of the colonial period, the joint analysis of the different types of markers included in this study revealed the impact of post-war migrations on the current genetic background of Paraguay.
来自不同起源的移民抵达巴拉圭，并在最初由印第安瓜拉尼人居住的领土上产生了重要的人口变化。很少有研究来估计在巴拉圭仍然保留的原住民血统的比例，以及女性和男性在混合过程中的作用。因此，对来自巴拉圭东部的 548 个人进行了三种标记集的基因分型：线粒体 DNA、Y-SNPs 和常染色体 AIM-InDels。每个标记集的部门之间都存在遗传同质性，这得到了收集的人口数据的支持，数据显示只有 43%的个体与父母的出生地相同。结果显示存在性别偏向的通婚现象，母亲的美洲原住民血统比父亲的多。在巴拉圭的本地线粒体 DNA 谱系中（占总数的 87.2%），大多数单倍群在整个次大陆广泛分布，只有少数集中在巴拉那河流域周围。巴拉圭欧洲父系谱系的频率分布（占总数的 92.2%）显示出伊比利亚地区的主要贡献。除了殖民时期的遗留问题外，本研究中包含的不同类型标记的联合分析揭示了战后移民对巴拉圭当前遗传背景的影响。
