Coenen A M, Drinkenburg W H, Peeters B W, Vossen J M, van Luijtelaar E L
Department of Psychology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1991 Summer;15(2):259-63. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80005-3.
In man, a relationship exists between sleep-wake states and absence epilepsy. During wakefulness, spike-wave discharges predominantly occur when the level of vigilance is not high, while during sleep they have a preference to occur during slow-wave sleep. During this latter type of sleep, spike-wave discharges prevail in periods where slow-wave sleep is light. In a series of experiments, the WAG/Rij rat model for absence epilepsy was characterized with respect to the relationships between the level of vigilance, sleep-wake states and the occurrence of spike-wave discharges. In the first experiment, continuous recordings were made for a period of 48 h and a clear circadian rhythm was established for the number of spike-wave discharges. A maximum appeared during the middle of the dark period of the rat, whereas a minimum was detected directly after the onset of the light period, the time period during which deep slow-wave sleep predominates. The relationship of spike-wave discharges with states of vigilance was elaborated in a second study. Spike-wave discharges were mainly found during light slow-wave sleep, during passive wakefulness and in transition phases from sleep to wakefulness. During REM sleep no spike-wave discharges were found. In the last three experiments, the level of alertness was enhanced by various procedures as photostimulation, a learning task and deprivation of REM sleep. In all cases, an increase of alertness decreased the amount of epilepsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在人类中，睡眠-觉醒状态与失神癫痫之间存在关联。在清醒状态下，棘波放电主要在警觉水平不高时出现，而在睡眠期间，它们更倾向于在慢波睡眠期间出现。在后者这种睡眠类型中，棘波放电在浅慢波睡眠阶段更为常见。在一系列实验中，针对失神癫痫的WAG/Rij大鼠模型，研究了警觉水平、睡眠-觉醒状态与棘波放电发生之间的关系。在第一个实验中，进行了48小时的连续记录，并确定了棘波放电数量的明显昼夜节律。在大鼠黑暗期的中间时段出现最大值，而在光照期开始后立即检测到最小值，此时段以深度慢波睡眠为主。在第二项研究中阐述了棘波放电与警觉状态的关系。棘波放电主要出现在浅慢波睡眠、被动清醒以及从睡眠到觉醒的过渡阶段。在快速眼动睡眠期间未发现棘波放电。在最后三个实验中，通过光刺激、学习任务和快速眼动睡眠剥夺等各种程序提高警觉水平。在所有情况下，警觉性的提高都减少了癫痫发作的次数。（摘要截选至250字）
