Mogle Jacqueline A, Lovett Benjamin J, Stawski Robert S, Sliwinski Martin J
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2008 Nov;19(11):1071-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02202.x.
Working memory capacity (WMC) has received attention across many areas of psychology, in part because of its relationship with intelligence. The mechanism underlying the relationship is unknown, but the nature of typical WMC tasks has led to two hypothesized mechanisms: secondary-memory processes (e.g., search and retrieval) and the maintenance of information in the face of distraction. In the present study, participants (N= 383) completed a battery of cognitive tasks assessing processing speed, primary memory, working memory, secondary memory, and fluid intelligence. Secondary memory was the strongest predictor of fluid intelligence and added unique predictive value in models that accounted for working memory. In contrast, after accounting for the variance in fluid intelligence associated with the secondary-memory construct, the working memory construct did not significantly predict variability in fluid intelligence. Therefore, the secondary-memory requirements shared by many memory tasks may be responsible for the relationship between WMC and fluid intelligence, making the relationship less unique than is often supposed.
工作记忆容量（WMC）在心理学的许多领域都受到了关注，部分原因是它与智力的关系。这种关系背后的机制尚不清楚，但典型WMC任务的性质导致了两种假设机制：次级记忆过程（如搜索和检索）以及在分心情况下信息的维持。在本研究中，参与者（N = 383）完成了一系列认知任务，评估处理速度、初级记忆、工作记忆、次级记忆和流体智力。次级记忆是流体智力的最强预测指标，并且在考虑了工作记忆的模型中增加了独特的预测价值。相比之下，在考虑了与次级记忆结构相关的流体智力方差后，工作记忆结构并不能显著预测流体智力的变异性。因此，许多记忆任务共有的次级记忆要求可能是WMC与流体智力之间关系的原因，使得这种关系并不像通常认为的那样独特。
