Suter P M, Schutz Y
Department of Medicine, Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Dec;32 Suppl 6:S48-52. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.206.
Alcohol (ethanol) is consumed on a daily basis by a large fraction of the population, and in many countries, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is considered as an integral part of the diet. Although the relationship between alcohol intake and obesity is controversial, regular consumption of alcohol, through its effects in suppressing fat oxidation, is regarded as a risk factor for weight gain, increased abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. Indeed, alcohol taken with a meal leads to an increase in postprandial lipemia-an effect on postprandial metabolism that is opposite to that observed with exercise. Furthermore, although regular exercise training and/or a preprandial exercise session reduce postprandial lipemia independently of alcohol ingestion, the exercise-induced reduction in postprandial lipemia is nonetheless less pronounced when alcohol is also consumed with the meal. Whether or not alcohol influences exercise and sport performance remains contradictory. It is believed that alcohol has deleterious effects on the performance, although it may contribute to reduce pain and anxiety. The alcohol effects on sports performance depend on the type and dosage of alcohol, acute vs chronic administration, the alcohol elimination rate as well as the type of exercise.
很大一部分人每天都会饮用酒精（乙醇），在许多国家，轻度至中度饮酒被视为饮食的一个组成部分。尽管酒精摄入量与肥胖之间的关系存在争议，但经常饮酒通过抑制脂肪氧化的作用，被认为是体重增加、腹部肥胖加剧和高甘油三酯血症的一个风险因素。确实，就餐时饮酒会导致餐后血脂升高——这一餐后代谢效应与运动所观察到的效应相反。此外，尽管定期进行运动训练和/或餐前进行一次锻炼会独立于酒精摄入而降低餐后血脂，但当就餐时也饮酒时，运动引起的餐后血脂降低就不那么明显了。酒精是否会影响运动和体育表现仍然存在矛盾。人们认为酒精对表现有有害影响，尽管它可能有助于减轻疼痛和焦虑。酒精对运动表现的影响取决于酒精的类型和剂量、急性与慢性给药方式、酒精消除率以及运动类型。
