Berin M C, Mayer L
Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Mucosal Immunol. 2009 Jan;2(1):24-32. doi: 10.1038/mi.2008.72. Epub 2008 Oct 29.
Animal models of food allergy have been used to identify mechanisms involved in the development of sensitization to food proteins as well as immunologic mechanisms of adverse reactions to allergen reexposure. To counteract the normal tolerant responses to antigen generated in the gastrointestinal tract, investigators have used mucosal adjuvants or manipulated the mucosal barrier, taken advantage of endogenous adjuvanticity of some food allergens, or bypassed the oral route and sensitized through the skin. Site of antigen uptake in the gastrointestinal tract is a critical factor in both sensitization and anaphylaxis, and antigen uptake can be facilitated by immunoglobulin-E (IgE)-antigen complexes binding to CD23 on the epithelial cell surface. Studies on systemic anaphylaxis or local gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy in mice have highlighted the contribution of IgE, mast cells, and pathogenic Th2 lymphocytes in experimental food allergy.
食物过敏的动物模型已被用于确定参与食物蛋白致敏过程的机制以及再次接触过敏原时不良反应的免疫机制。为了对抗胃肠道中产生的对抗原的正常耐受反应，研究人员使用了黏膜佐剂或对黏膜屏障进行操作，利用了一些食物过敏原的内源性佐剂特性，或者绕过口服途径并通过皮肤进行致敏。胃肠道中抗原摄取的部位是致敏和过敏反应的关键因素，免疫球蛋白E（IgE）-抗原复合物与上皮细胞表面的CD23结合可促进抗原摄取。对小鼠食物过敏的全身性过敏反应或局部胃肠道表现的研究突出了IgE、肥大细胞和致病性Th2淋巴细胞在实验性食物过敏中的作用。
