Cecinato Angelo, Balducci Catia, Nervegna Graziano
Italian National Research Council, Institute for Atmospheric Pollution CNR-IIA, Via Salaria km 29.3, CP 10, I-00016, Monterotondo Stazione RM, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Feb 15;407(5):1683-90. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004. Epub 2008 Dec 10.
The occurrence of illicit substances in the air was investigated in various world locations and ambient conditions. The analytical procedure optimized for cocaine, methadone and cocaethylene, based upon soxhlet extraction with organic solvent, clean-up through column chromatography, gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection, allowed the detection of the three compounds at levels as low as approximately 1 pg m(-3) in air samples of approximately 500 m3. Apart from Algiers, Algeria, and Pancevo, Serbia, cocaine was found in all cities investigated and its concentration ranged from picograms to nanograms/cubic meter (e.g., Rome, Italy, 22/97 pg m(-3); Santiago, Chile, 2.2/3.3 ng m(-3)). By contrast, the concentrations of methadone and cocaethylene in the air were always lower than the limit-of-detection allowed by the method. The procedure adopted was unsuitable for measuring cannabinoids and allowed only the identification of cannabinol. It was also poor in limit-of-detection with regards to heroin (35 pg m(-3)), however this compound could be identified in airborne particulates in Oporto, Portugal. Atmospheric concentrations of cocaine appeared to correlate to drug prevalence in the Italian regions investigated.
在世界不同地点和环境条件下，对空气中非法物质的存在情况进行了调查。针对可卡因、美沙酮和可卡乙碱优化的分析程序，基于用有机溶剂进行索氏提取、通过柱色谱法净化、气相色谱分离和质谱检测，能够在约500立方米的空气样本中检测到低至约1皮克/立方米的这三种化合物。除了阿尔及利亚的阿尔及尔和塞尔维亚的潘切沃外，在所调查的所有城市中均发现了可卡因及其浓度范围为皮克/立方米至纳克/立方米（例如，意大利罗马，22/97皮克/立方米；智利圣地亚哥，2.2/3.3纳克/立方米）。相比之下，空气中美沙酮和可卡乙碱的浓度始终低于该方法的检测限。所采用的程序不适用于测量大麻素，仅能鉴定出大麻酚。对于海洛因（35皮克/立方米），其检测限也较低，不过在葡萄牙波尔图的空气中颗粒物中可鉴定出该化合物。在所调查的意大利各地区，空气中可卡因的浓度似乎与毒品流行率相关。
