Nambu Atsushi
Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2008 Dec;18(6):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2008.11.001. Epub 2008 Dec 8.
Our knowledge on the functions of the basal ganglia has increased enormously during the last two decades. However, we still do not completely understand the primary function of the basal ganglia. In this article, I review fundamental problems on the basal ganglia that have emerged from recent findings, and propose their solutions in the following seven topics: first, organization of the cortico-basal ganglia loop, second, limitations of the 'direct and indirect pathways model', third, feedforward inhibition in the striatum, fourth, contribution of the basal ganglia to cortical activity through the thalamus, fifth, focused selection of movements and learning, sixth, firing rate model versus firing pattern model for the pathophysiology of movement disorders, and lastly mechanisms of stereotaxic surgery.
在过去二十年中，我们对基底神经节功能的认识有了极大的增长。然而，我们仍未完全理解基底神经节的主要功能。在本文中，我回顾了近期研究结果中出现的关于基底神经节的基本问题，并在以下七个主题中提出了解决方案：第一，皮质 - 基底神经节环路的组织；第二，“直接和间接通路模型”的局限性；第三，纹状体中的前馈抑制；第四，基底神经节通过丘脑对皮质活动的贡献；第五，运动和学习的聚焦选择；第六，运动障碍病理生理学的放电率模型与放电模式模型；最后是立体定向手术的机制。
