Schober Karsten E, Fuentes Virginia Luis
The Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany.
J Vet Cardiol. 2002 May;4(1):7-16. doi: 10.1016/S1760-2734(06)70018-2.
To evaluate left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in boxer dogs with aortic stenosis (AS).
LV relaxation, elastic recoil, filling and stiffness have been found to be abnormal in people with AS and were related to disease severity, clinical signs and prognosis.
2-D, M-mode and Doppler echocardiography was done in 74 boxers with AS (55 with mild AS, 7 with moderate AS and 12 with severe AS) and compared with reference values from 66 normal boxers. Measurements included isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), peak early (E) and late (A) transmitral filling velocities, mitral E wave deceleration time, peak systolic, and early and late (AR) diastolic pulmonary wenous flow velocities and related variables. In addition, left atrial (LA) function, LV dimensions and hypertrophy and LV systolic performance were assessed.
Eight dogs (15%) with mild AS had abnormal LV diastolic function, compared with 16 dogs (84%) with moderate or severe AS. Two dogs (3%) had also systolic abnormalities. The flow pattern of delayed relaxation, pseudonormal mitral inflow and restrictive flow were found in 10, 11 and 3 dogs, respectively. IVRT and E:A were heterogeneous in dogs with moderate or severe AS, being either high, normal, or low. Peak AR velocity was significantly higher (p </= 0.05) in dogs with severe AS, and the A duration:AR duration ratio was significantly lower (p </= 0.05) in dogs with moderate and severe AS compared with the other dogs, suggesting decreased LV compliance, increased LV end-diastolic pressure, and normal or increased LA systolic function. Bivariate linear regression analysis revealed significant correlations between the severity of AS based on Doppler and LV hypertrophy (IVSd: r = 0.61, p </= 0.001 and LVPWd: r = 0.46, p </= 0.001) and AS severity and A duration: AR duration (r = -0.64, p </= 0.001).
[corrected] In most boxer dogs with moderate or severe AS, LV diastolic function is abnormal even in the presence of normal systolic performance.
评估患有主动脉狭窄（AS）的拳师犬的左心室（LV）舒张功能。
已发现AS患者的左心室舒张、弹性回缩、充盈和僵硬度异常，且与疾病严重程度、临床症状及预后相关。
对74只患有AS的拳师犬（55只轻度AS、7只中度AS和12只重度AS）进行二维、M型和多普勒超声心动图检查，并与66只正常拳师犬的参考值进行比较。测量参数包括等容舒张时间（IVRT）、二尖瓣早期（E）和晚期（A）充盈峰值速度、二尖瓣E波减速时间、收缩期峰值以及肺静脉舒张早期和晚期（AR）血流速度及相关变量。此外，还评估了左心房（LA）功能、左心室大小、肥厚情况及左心室收缩功能。
8只（15%）轻度AS犬存在左心室舒张功能异常，而16只（84%）中度或重度AS犬存在该异常。2只（3%）犬还存在收缩功能异常。分别在10只、11只和3只犬中发现延迟舒张血流模式、假性正常二尖瓣血流和限制性血流模式。IVRT和E:A在中度或重度AS犬中存在异质性，可为高、正常或低。重度AS犬的AR峰值速度显著更高（p≤0.05），与其他犬相比，中度和重度AS犬的A持续时间:AR持续时间比值显著更低（p≤0.05），提示左心室顺应性降低、左心室舒张末期压力升高以及左心房收缩功能正常或增强。双变量线性回归分析显示，基于多普勒的AS严重程度与左心室肥厚（室间隔舒张末期厚度：r = 0.61，p≤0.001；左心室后壁舒张末期厚度：r = 0.46，p≤0.001）以及AS严重程度与A持续时间:AR持续时间之间存在显著相关性（r = -0.64，p≤0.001）。
大多数患有中度或重度AS的拳师犬，即使收缩功能正常，其左心室舒张功能仍异常。
