McBride Alison A
Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Adv Virus Res. 2008;72:155-205. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)00404-1.
Papillomaviruses establish persistent infection in the dividing, basal epithelial cells of the host. The viral genome is maintained as a circular, double-stranded DNA, extrachromosomal element within these cells. Viral genome amplification occurs only when the epithelial cells differentiate and viral particles are shed in squames that are sloughed from the surface of the epithelium. There are three modes of replication in the papillomavirus life cycle. Upon entry, in the establishment phase, the viral genome is amplified to a low copy number. In the second maintenance phase, the genome replicates in dividing cells at a constant copy number, in synchrony with the cellular DNA. And finally, in the vegetative or productive phase, the viral DNA is amplified to a high copy number in differentiated cells and is destined to be packaged in viral capsids. This review discusses the cis elements and protein factors required for each stage of papillomavirus replication.
乳头瘤病毒在宿主分裂的基底上皮细胞中建立持续感染。病毒基因组以环状双链DNA的形式作为这些细胞内的染色体外元件维持存在。只有当上皮细胞分化且病毒颗粒随从上皮表面脱落的鳞屑排出时，病毒基因组才会进行扩增。乳头瘤病毒生命周期中有三种复制模式。进入宿主细胞后，在建立阶段，病毒基因组扩增至低拷贝数。在第二个维持阶段，基因组在分裂细胞中以恒定拷贝数进行复制，与细胞DNA同步。最后，在增殖或生产阶段，病毒DNA在分化细胞中扩增至高拷贝数，并注定被包装进病毒衣壳。本综述讨论了乳头瘤病毒复制各阶段所需的顺式元件和蛋白质因子。
