Huszar Tünde, Imler Jean-Luc
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France.
Adv Virus Res. 2008;72:227-65. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)00406-5.
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model to study host-pathogen interactions. Most studies so far have focused on extracellular pathogens such as bacteria and fungi. More recently, viruses have come to the front, and RNA interference was shown to play a critical role in the control of viral infections in drosophila. We review here our current knowledge on drosophila viruses. A diverse set of RNA viruses belonging to several families (Rhabdoviridae, Dicistroviridae, Birnaviridae, Reoviridae, Errantiviridae) has been reported in D. melanogaster. By contrast, no DNA virus has been recovered up to now. The drosophila viruses represent powerful tools to study virus-cell interactions in vivo. Analysis of the literature however reveals that for many of them, important gaps exist in our understanding of their replication cycle, genome organization, morphology or pathogenesis. The data obtained in the past few years on antiviral defense mechanisms in drosophila, which point to evolutionary conserved pathways, highlight the potential of the D. melanogaster model to study antiviral innate immunity and to better understand the complex interaction between arthropod-borne viruses and their insect vectors.
果蝇是研究宿主与病原体相互作用的有力模型。迄今为止，大多数研究都集中在细胞外病原体，如细菌和真菌上。最近，病毒成为研究焦点，且RNA干扰在果蝇病毒感染控制中发挥关键作用。在此，我们综述目前关于果蝇病毒的知识。在黑腹果蝇中已报道了多种属于几个科（弹状病毒科、双顺反子病毒科、双RNA病毒科、呼肠孤病毒科、游动病毒科）的RNA病毒。相比之下，目前尚未发现DNA病毒。果蝇病毒是研究体内病毒与细胞相互作用的有力工具。然而，对文献的分析表明，对于其中许多病毒，我们在其复制周期、基因组结构、形态或发病机制的理解上存在重大空白。过去几年在果蝇抗病毒防御机制方面获得的数据表明存在进化上保守的途径，这凸显了黑腹果蝇模型在研究抗病毒天然免疫以及更好理解节肢动物传播病毒与其昆虫载体之间复杂相互作用方面的潜力。
