Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Insect Physiol. 2013 Feb;59(2):159-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.07.004. Epub 2012 Jul 21.
Virus transmission and spread by arthropods is a major economic and public health concern. The ongoing dissemination of arthropod-borne viruses by blood-feeding insects is an important incentive to study antiviral immunity in these animals. RNA interference is a major mechanism for antiviral defense in insects, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and several vector mosquitoes. However, recent data suggest that the evolutionary conserved Toll, Imd and Jak-Stat signaling pathways also contribute to antiviral immunity. Moreover, symbionts, such as the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia and the gut microflora, influence the course of virus infection in insects. These results add an additional level of complexity to antiviral immunity, but also provide novel opportunities to control the spread of arboviruses. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent developments in antiviral immunity in Dipteran insects, with a focus on non-RNAi mediated inducible responses.
节肢动物传播和扩散病毒是一个主要的经济和公共卫生关注点。目前，通过吸血昆虫传播的节肢动物传播病毒是研究这些动物抗病毒免疫的一个重要动力。RNA 干扰是昆虫抗病毒防御的主要机制，包括黑腹果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster 和几种病媒蚊子。然而，最近的数据表明，进化保守的 Toll、Imd 和 Jak-Stat 信号通路也有助于抗病毒免疫。此外，共生体，如细胞内细菌沃尔巴克氏体和肠道微生物群，会影响昆虫中病毒感染的过程。这些结果为抗病毒免疫增加了一个额外的复杂层面，但也为控制虫媒病毒的传播提供了新的机会。在这篇综述中，我们概述了双翅目昆虫抗病毒免疫的现有知识和最新进展，重点介绍了非 RNAi 介导的诱导反应。
