Borgarelli Michele, Zini Eric, D'Agnolo Gino, Tarducci Alberto, Santilli Roberto A, Chiavegato David, Tursi Massimo, Prunotto Marco, Häggström Jens
Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10045 Grugliasco (To), Italy.
J Vet Cardiol. 2004 Nov;6(2):27-34. doi: 10.1016/S1760-2734(06)70055-8.
The case records of 58 German Shepherds (GS group) affected by mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and/or mitral valve regurgitation (MR), and 49 dogs weighing < 15 kg (D group), affected by chronic valvular disease (CVD) were reviewed. The dogs of the GS group were presented more often without a detectable heart murmur (p < 0.01), and less frequently with a high intensity heart murmur (p < 0.01). Atrial fibrillation (AF) was more common in the GS group (p < 0.001). MVP associated with mitral valve thickening was more common in the D group (p < 0.001). Fractional shortening (FS) was lower (p < 0.0001) and end-systolic volume index (ESV-I) was increased (p < 0.0001) in the GS group, whereas end-diastolic volume index (EDV-I) did not differ between the 2 groups. Prevalence and severity of pulmonary hypertension were similar in the 2 groups. Dogs with mitral valve disease weighing more than 20 kg had a 5.8 higher chance of developing decreased FS, increased ESV-I, AF and ventricular arrhythmias. In the GS group, the decreased FS and increased ESV-I were not associated with the presence of AF or ventricular arrhythmias (p > 0.05). It appears that GS may be affected both by mitral valve prolapse and mitral insufficiency. It also appears that a comparatively large proportion of GS shows no major mitral valve thickening or MVP, but still presents with significant mitral regurgitation, possibly suggesting a different cause for the important incompetence observed in most cases.
回顾了58只患有二尖瓣脱垂（MVP）和/或二尖瓣反流（MR）的德国牧羊犬（GS组）以及49只体重<15 kg、患有慢性瓣膜病（CVD）的犬（D组）的病例记录。GS组犬更常表现为无明显心脏杂音（p<0.01），而高强度心脏杂音的出现频率较低（p<0.01）。心房颤动（AF）在GS组更为常见（p<0.001）。与二尖瓣增厚相关的MVP在D组更为常见（p<0.001）。GS组的缩短分数（FS）较低（p<0.0001），收缩末期容积指数（ESV-I）升高（p<0.0001），而两组之间的舒张末期容积指数（EDV-I）无差异。两组肺动脉高压的患病率和严重程度相似。体重超过20 kg的二尖瓣病犬发生FS降低、ESV-I升高、AF和室性心律失常的几率高5.8倍。在GS组中，FS降低和ESV-I升高与AF或室性心律失常的存在无关（p>0.05）。看来GS可能同时受到二尖瓣脱垂和二尖瓣关闭不全的影响。还似乎有相当大比例的GS没有明显的二尖瓣增厚或MVP，但仍存在明显的二尖瓣反流，这可能表明在大多数病例中观察到的严重功能不全存在不同的原因。
