Kraus Marc S, Pariaut Romain, Alcaraz Ana, Gelzer Anna R M, Malik Nina, Renaud-Farrell Shari, Charter Mary Ellen, Fox Philip R, Moïse N Sydney
Section of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
J Vet Cardiol. 2005 May;7(1):59-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2005.02.003.
Atrioventricular (AV) canal defects comprise a rare category of congenital heart disease associated with abnormal development of the endocardial cushions. These anomalies include a broad spectrum of lesions involving the atrial septum primum, the inlet portion of the ventricular septum, and the atrioventricular valves. In severe cases heart failure may result. The present report describes cardiopulmonary findings in a six-week-old, female Thoroughbred foal with persistent tachypnea and tachycardia since birth. Clinical, echocardiographic, cardiac catheterization, and pathologic findings were compatible with complete AV canal defect with bi-directional shunting, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension. Gross cardiac pathologic findings included a large atrioventricular septal defect, a common atriovalvular orifice, five atrioventricular leaflets, with two free-floating bridging leaflets. Histopathologic lesions in the lung included hypertrophy of the pulmonary arteriolar walls due to thickening of the tunica media. This represents a well documented case of complete endocardial cushion defect with anomalous development of the atrioventricular valves and resultant pulmonary hypertension and heart failure.
房室管缺损是一类罕见的先天性心脏病，与心内膜垫发育异常有关。这些异常包括一系列累及原发房间隔、室间隔入口部分和房室瓣的病变。严重时可导致心力衰竭。本报告描述了一匹六周龄雌性纯种马驹自出生以来持续呼吸急促和心动过速的心肺检查结果。临床、超声心动图、心导管检查和病理检查结果与完全性房室管缺损伴双向分流、充血性心力衰竭和肺动脉高压相符。心脏大体病理检查结果包括一个大的房室间隔缺损、一个共同的房室口、五个房室瓣叶，其中两个为游离的桥瓣叶。肺部组织病理学病变包括肺小动脉壁因中膜增厚而肥厚。这是一例记录完整的完全性心内膜垫缺损病例，伴有房室瓣发育异常以及由此导致的肺动脉高压和心力衰竭。
