Schweers Brett A, Old Jennifer, Boonlayangoor P W, Reich Karl A
Independent Forensics, 4600 West Roosevelt Road, Hillside, IL 60162, USA.
Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2008 Jun;2(3):243-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.12.006. Epub 2008 Feb 5.
Human blood is the body fluid most commonly encountered at crime scenes, and blood detection may aid investigators in reconstructing what occurred during a crime. In addition, blood detection can help determine which items of evidence should be processed for DNA-STR testing. Unfortunately, many common substances can cause red-brown stains that resemble blood. Furthermore, many current human blood detection methods are presumptive and prone to false positive results. Here, the developmental validation of a new blood identification test, Rapid Stain Identification--Blood (RSID--Blood), is described. RSID--Blood utilizes two anti-glycophorin A (red blood cell membrane specific protein) monoclonal antibodies in a lateral flow strip test format to detect human blood. We present evidence demonstrating that this test is accurate, reproducible, easy to use, and highly specific for human blood. Importantly, RSID--Blood does not cross-react with ferret, skunk, or primate blood and exhibits no high-dose hook effect. Also, we describe studies on the sensitivity, body fluid specificity, and species specificity of RSID--Blood. In addition, we show that the test can detect blood from a variety of forensic exhibits prior to processing for DNA-STR analysis. In conclusion, we suggest that RSID--Blood is effective and useful for the detection of human blood on forensic exhibits, and offers improved blood detection when compared to other currently used methods.
人血是犯罪现场最常遇到的体液，检测血液有助于调查人员重建犯罪过程中发生的事情。此外，血液检测有助于确定哪些证据物品应进行DNA-STR检测。不幸的是，许多常见物质会导致类似血液的红棕色污渍。此外，目前许多人血检测方法都是推测性的，容易出现假阳性结果。在此，描述了一种新的血液鉴定测试——快速污渍鉴定-血液（RSID-血液）的开发验证。RSID-血液在侧向流动试纸条测试中使用两种抗血型糖蛋白A（红细胞膜特异性蛋白）单克隆抗体来检测人血。我们提供的证据表明，该测试准确、可重复、易于使用，且对人血具有高度特异性。重要的是，RSID-血液与雪貂、臭鼬或灵长类动物的血液不发生交叉反应，也没有高剂量钩效应。此外，我们描述了关于RSID-血液的灵敏度、体液特异性和物种特异性的研究。此外，我们表明该测试可以在进行DNA-STR分析之前从各种法医物证中检测出血液。总之，我们认为RSID-血液对于检测法医物证上的人血是有效且有用的，与目前使用的其他方法相比，它能提供更好的血液检测效果。
