Paciello Orlando, Oliva Gaetano, Gradoni Luigi, Manna Laura, Foglia Manzillo Valentina, Wojcik Slawomir, Trapani Francesca, Papparella Serenella
Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Neuromuscul Disord. 2009 Feb;19(2):124-30. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.10.013. Epub 2008 Dec 11.
Inflammatory myopathy associated with several infectious diseases occurs in dogs including those caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis. However, muscle disease due to Leishmania infection has been poorly documented. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and types of cellular infiltrates and expression of MHC class I and II in muscle biopsies obtained from 15 male beagle dogs from a breeder group with an established diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Myopathic features were characterized by necrosis, regeneration, fibrosis and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes. The predominant leukocyte populations were CD3+, CD8+ and CD45RA+ with lesser numbers of CD4+ cells. Many muscle fibers had MHC class I and II positivity on the sarcolemma. There was a direct correlation between the severity of pathological changes, clinical signs, and the numbers of Leishmania amastigotes. Our studies provided evidence that: 1) Leishmania should be considered as a cause of IM in dogs; 2) Leishmania is not present within muscle fibers but in macrophages, and that 3) the muscle damage might be related to immunological alterations associated with Leishmania infection. Leishmania spp. should also be considered as a possible cause in the pathogenesis of human myositis.
与多种传染病相关的炎性肌病在犬类中会出现，包括由刚地弓形虫、犬新孢子虫、犬埃立克体和犬肝簇虫引起的疾病。然而，关于利什曼原虫感染导致的肌肉疾病的文献记载较少。本研究的目的是检查从一个已确诊患有利什曼病的种犬群体中选取的15只雄性比格犬的肌肉活检样本中细胞浸润的分布和类型以及MHC I类和II类分子的表达情况。肌病特征表现为坏死、再生、纤维化以及由淋巴细胞、浆细胞和组织细胞组成的单核炎性细胞浸润。主要的白细胞群体为CD3 +、CD8 +和CD45RA +，CD4 +细胞数量较少。许多肌纤维的肌膜上MHC I类和II类分子呈阳性。病理变化的严重程度、临床症状与利什曼原虫无鞭毛体数量之间存在直接相关性。我们的研究提供了以下证据：1）利什曼原虫应被视为犬类炎性肌病的一个病因；2）利什曼原虫不存在于肌纤维内，而是存在于巨噬细胞中，并且3）肌肉损伤可能与利什曼原虫感染相关的免疫改变有关。利什曼原虫属也应被视为人类肌炎发病机制中的一个可能病因。
