Ortiz-Siordia L E, Alvarez-Amador L, González-Piña R
Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, México DF, México.
Rev Neurol. 2008;47(12):653-8.
A brief revision was performed in order to develop a topographic model of cerebral activation during silent reading, syllable's repetition and emotional prosody, based in recent neuroimaging studies.
It has been reported that the words are analyzed in both occipital hemispheres during silent reading, after they are 'written' in the right temporal cortex while the integration of the semantic and phonologic processes are integrated on different left temporal areas and also in the left frontal lower part. The understanding is achieved in the left-middle temporal cortex. In the other hand, activation during articulatory movements is carried out in the left supratemporal gyrus and the left motor and premotor cortex, the left putamen and part of both hemispheres of the cerebellum. Finally, recognition of the emotional prosody occurs in three stages: obtaining of the acoustic information in some areas of the right temporal lobe, representation of acoustic sequences in the right posterio-superior temporal area, and an evaluation of the emotional prosody in the lower frontal bilateral cortex, with the involvement of the basal ganglia in the emotional expression.
The location and synchrony of the areas that activate during the language processing is lateralized toward the left hemisphere and it involves cortical and subcortical areas, except for the emotional prosody. The understanding of the language processes will open the field for to take advantage of the plastic mechanisms for the speech therapy and rehabilitation.
基于近期的神经影像学研究，进行简要回顾以建立默读、音节重复和情感韵律过程中大脑激活的地形图模型。
据报道，默读时单词在双侧枕叶进行分析，单词先在右侧颞叶皮层“书写”，语义和语音过程的整合分别在左侧颞叶不同区域以及左侧额叶下部进行。理解过程在左侧颞中皮层完成。另一方面，发音运动时的激活发生在左侧颞上回、左侧运动和运动前皮层、左侧壳核以及小脑的双侧部分。最后，情感韵律的识别分三个阶段进行：在右侧颞叶某些区域获取声学信息，在右侧颞后上区表征声学序列，以及在双侧额叶下部皮层对情感韵律进行评估，情感表达过程中基底神经节也参与其中。
语言处理过程中激活区域的位置和同步性偏向左侧半球，涉及皮层和皮层下区域，情感韵律除外。对语言过程的理解将为利用可塑性机制进行言语治疗和康复开辟道路。
