Miller Matthew R, Nichols Peter D, Carter Chris G
CSIRO Food Futures Flagship and Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Nutr Res Rev. 2008 Dec;21(2):85-96. doi: 10.1017/S0954422408102414.
The present review examines renewable sources of oils with n-3 long-chain (> or = C20) PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA) as alternatives to oil from wild-caught fish in aquafeeds. Due to the increased demand for and price of wild-caught marine sources of n-3 LC-PUFA-rich oil, their effective and sustainable replacement in aquafeeds is an industry priority, especially because dietary n-3 LC-PUFA from eating fish are known to have health benefits in human beings. The benefits and challenges involved in changing dietary oil in aquaculture are highlighted and four major potential sources of n-3 LC-PUFA for aquafeeds, other than fish oil, are compared. These sources of oil, which contain n-3 LC-PUFA, specifically EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3) or precursors to these key essential fatty acids, are: (1) other marine sources of oil; (2) vegetable oils that contain biosynthetic precursors, such as stearidonic acid, which may be used by fish to produce n-3 LC-PUFA; (3) single-cell oil sources of n-3 LC-PUFA; (4) vegetable oils derived from oil-seed crops that have undergone genetic modification to contain n-3 LC-PUFA. The review focuses on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), because it is the main intensively cultured finfish species and it both uses and stores large amounts of oil, in particular n-3 LC-PUFA, in the flesh.
本综述探讨了以富含n-3长链（≥C20）多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 LC-PUFA）的可再生油源替代水产饲料中野生捕捞鱼类油的可能性。由于对富含n-3 LC-PUFA的野生捕捞海洋油源的需求增加和价格上涨，在水产饲料中有效且可持续地替代它们是该行业的首要任务，特别是因为已知食用鱼类中的膳食n-3 LC-PUFA对人类健康有益。文中强调了水产养殖中改变膳食油所涉及的益处和挑战，并比较了除鱼油外水产饲料中n-3 LC-PUFA的四个主要潜在来源。这些含n-3 LC-PUFA的油源，特别是二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20:5n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6n-3）或这些关键必需脂肪酸的前体，包括：（1）其他海洋油源；（2）含有生物合成前体（如硬脂酸）的植物油，鱼类可能利用这些前体来产生n-3 LC-PUFA；（3）n-3 LC-PUFA的单细胞油源；（4）经过基因改造以含有n-3 LC-PUFA的油料作物衍生的植物油。本综述聚焦于大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.），因为它是主要的集约化养殖有鳍鱼类，并且在其鱼肉中使用和储存大量的油，特别是n-3 LC-PUFA。
