Riar Md Golam Sajed, Raushon Nur A, Pan Shijie, Zhang Jinze, Chibuikem Chukwuma Kenneth, Li Yueru, Mai Kangsen, Ai Qinghui
Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Department of Aquaculture, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Headquarters, Mymensingh, Dhaka 2201, Bangladesh.
Aquac Nutr. 2025 Jun 13;2025:4241105. doi: 10.1155/anu/4241105. eCollection 2025.
A 10-week feeding trial was conducted with juvenile large yellow croaker, , to evaluate the effects of degossypolized cottonseed oil (DCSO) as a potential replacement for fish oil (FO). Five isonitrogenous (42% crude protein) and isolipidic (13% crude fat) diets were formulated where DCSO replaced FO at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (DCSO0, DCSO25, DCSO50, DCSO75, and DCSO100) to determine their effects on growth performance, feed utilization and tissue lipid compositions of experimental fish. The initial body weight of the experimental fish was 8.28 ± 0.99 g. Results showed that substituting up to 50% of FO with DCSO does not significantly affect the fish's survival rate (SR), growth performance, or proximate composition. However, exceeding a 50% replacement significantly decreases ( < 0.05) growth performance and feed efficiency. Additionally, significant increases ( < 0.05) in viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) are observed at higher DCSO inclusion levels. Fatty acid analysis shows that DCSO is rich in -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Still, low in -3 PUFA alters fatty acid profiles in the liver and muscle, resulting in elevated total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, alongside increased activities of liver enzymes, indicating compromised liver function. While antioxidant enzyme levels remain stable, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels rise, suggesting elevated oxidative stress. Furthermore, lipase activity declines significantly ( < 0.05) at 50% FO replacement, with upregulated lipid synthesis genes (, , , and ) leading to higher lipid accumulation. Inflammatory response gene expression is also significantly affected, showing amplified pro-inflammatory (, , and ) and decreased anti-inflammatory (, , ) cytokines at higher DCSO levels. In conclusion, while up to 50% replacement of FO with DCSO is acceptable, surpassing this threshold adversely affects growth, liver function, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses in juvenile large yellow croaker.
以大黄鱼幼鱼进行了为期10周的饲养试验，以评估脱毒棉籽油（DCSO）作为鱼油（FO）潜在替代品的效果。配制了五种等氮（粗蛋白42%）和等脂（粗脂肪13%）的饲料，其中DCSO替代FO的比例分别为0%、25%、50%、75%和100%（DCSO0、DCSO25、DCSO50、DCSO75和DCSO100），以确定其对实验鱼生长性能、饲料利用率和组织脂质组成的影响。实验鱼的初始体重为8.28±0.99克。结果表明，用DCSO替代高达50%的FO对鱼的存活率（SR）、生长性能或近似组成没有显著影响。然而，超过50%的替代率会显著降低（P<0.05）生长性能和饲料效率。此外，在较高的DCSO添加水平下，观察到脏体比（VSI）和肝体比（HSI）显著增加（P<0.05）。脂肪酸分析表明，DCSO富含n-6多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）。不过，n-3 PUFA含量低会改变肝脏和肌肉中的脂肪酸谱，导致总胆固醇（T-CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平升高，同时肝脏酶活性增加，表明肝功能受损。虽然抗氧化酶水平保持稳定，但丙二醛（MDA）水平升高，表明氧化应激增加。此外，在50% FO替代时脂肪酶活性显著下降（P<0.05），脂质合成基因（fas、acc、scd和elovl5）上调导致脂质积累增加。炎症反应基因表达也受到显著影响，在较高的DCSO水平下，促炎（tnf-α、il-1β和il-6）细胞因子增加，抗炎（il-10、tgf-β1和amp）细胞因子减少。总之，虽然用DCSO替代高达50%的FO是可以接受的，但超过这个阈值会对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长、肝功能、脂质代谢和炎症反应产生不利影响。
