Forsythe L Kirsty, Wallace Julie M W, Livingstone M Barbara E
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
Nutr Res Rev. 2008 Dec;21(2):117-33. doi: 10.1017/S0954422408138732.
Following the discovery of TNF-alpha and leptin as secretory products of adipocytes in the early 1990s, subsequent obesity research focused on the new functional role of adipose tissue, as an active endocrine organ. Many more inflammatory peptides have been linked to adiposity, which ultimately characterised obesity as a state of low-grade systemic inflammation, or 'metaflammation' which may link obesity to its co-morbidities. The aim of the present review is to examine the effects of weight loss on inflammation in overweight and obese, but otherwise healthy, populations. Studies were broadly classified into four types (diet, physical activity, diet and physical activity combined, and surgical interventions) and discussed according to the method used to induce weight loss. All studies measured at least one obesity-related inflammatory marker (ORIM). The overall finding from the present review is that weight loss does improve inflammation in terms of both the inflammatory (C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and leptin) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) ORIM. Within this, the greatest improvements in ORIM are observed in studies achieving a weight loss of at least 10 %. However, a number of methodological issues have been identified as potential limitations within the literature including the sex and age of subjects, sample size, study duration and the assessment of body composition. In conclusion, although a period of weight loss per se is capable of reversing the unfavourable inflammatory profile evident in the obese state, further studies are required to determine the time needed, in which a reduced weight is maintained, in order to benefit from improved inflammatory status long term.
20世纪90年代初，随着肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和瘦素被发现是脂肪细胞的分泌产物，随后的肥胖研究聚焦于脂肪组织作为一个活跃内分泌器官的新功能作用。更多的炎症肽已与肥胖相关联，这最终将肥胖表征为一种低度全身炎症状态，即“代谢性炎症”，它可能将肥胖与其合并症联系起来。本综述的目的是研究体重减轻对超重和肥胖但其他方面健康人群炎症的影响。研究大致分为四种类型（饮食、体育活动、饮食与体育活动相结合以及手术干预），并根据用于诱导体重减轻的方法进行讨论。所有研究至少测量了一种与肥胖相关的炎症标志物（ORIM）。本综述的总体发现是，就炎症性（C反应蛋白、TNF-α、白细胞介素-6和瘦素）和抗炎性（脂联素）ORIM而言，体重减轻确实能改善炎症。在此范围内，在体重减轻至少10%的研究中观察到ORIM的最大改善。然而，一些方法学问题已被确定为文献中的潜在局限性，包括受试者的性别和年龄、样本量、研究持续时间以及身体成分评估。总之，尽管一段时间的体重减轻本身能够逆转肥胖状态下明显的不利炎症特征，但需要进一步研究来确定维持减轻体重所需的时间，以便长期受益于改善的炎症状态。
