Day J E, Kyriazakis I, Rogers P J
Institute of Food Research, Reading Laboratory, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6BZ, UK.
Nutr Res Rev. 1998 Jun;11(1):25-43. doi: 10.1079/NRR19980004.
The food choice and intake of animals (including humans) has typically been studied using frameworks of learning and feeding motivation. When used in isolation such frameworks could be criticized because learning paradigms give little consideration to how new food items are included or excluded from an individual's diet, and motivational paradigms do not explain how individuals decide which food to eat when given a choice. Consequently we are posed with the question of whether individuals actively interact with the food items present in their environment to learn about their nutritional properties? The thesis of this review is that individuals are motivated to actively sample food items in order to assess whether they are nutritionally beneficial or harmful. We offer a unifying framework, centred upon the concept of exploratory motivation, which is a synthesis of learning and paradigms of feeding motivation. In this framework information gathering occurs on two levels through exploratory behaviour: (i) the discrimination of food from nonfood items, and (ii) the continued monitoring and storage of information concerning the nutritional properties of these food items. We expect that this framework will advance our understanding of the behavioural control of nutrient intake by explaining how new food items are identified in the environment, and how individuals are able to monitor changes in the nutritional content of their food resource.
动物（包括人类）的食物选择和摄入量通常是使用学习和进食动机框架来研究的。单独使用这些框架时可能会受到批评，因为学习范式很少考虑新食物如何被纳入或排除在个体饮食中，而动机范式无法解释个体在有选择时如何决定吃哪种食物。因此，我们面临这样一个问题：个体是否会积极与环境中存在的食物相互作用，以了解它们的营养特性？本综述的论点是，个体有动机积极对食物进行采样，以评估它们在营养上是有益还是有害。我们提供了一个统一的框架，以探索性动机的概念为中心，它是学习和进食动机范式的综合。在这个框架中，信息收集通过探索行为在两个层面上发生：（i）区分食物和非食物项目，以及（ii）持续监测和存储有关这些食物项目营养特性的信息。我们期望这个框架将通过解释如何在环境中识别新食物项目，以及个体如何能够监测其食物资源营养成分的变化，来推进我们对营养摄入行为控制的理解。
