Bedford M R, Schulze H
Finnfeeds International Ltd, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK.
Nutr Res Rev. 1998 Jun;11(1):91-114. doi: 10.1079/NRR19980007.
Many feed ingredients in use in monogastric diets contain significant quantities of antinutritional factors (ANF) which limit both their feed value and their use. Almost all enzymes currently being used address such factors to varying degrees, allowing for more economic utilization of raw materials. However, animal response to xylanase, beta-glucanase and even phytase utilization reported in the literature tends to vary. Factors such as enzyme source, ingredient variety and environment under which the ingredient was grown, stored and processed into animal feed, age of animal, interaction with other dietary ingredients, and health status are shown to affect significantly the response obtained. As a result, the mode of action of xylanases and beta-glucanases is still debated due to too much emphasis being placed on interpretation of individual trial results without regard to the interactive factors or the literature dataset as a whole. Better understanding of such factors will improve data interpretation. While results with phytase are not subject to such extreme variation, they are nevertheless inconsistent in the degree to which inorganic phosphorus can be replaced by this enzyme. Greater understanding of the ANF and factors which interact to govern the response to added exogenous enzymes will undoubtedly improve the economic return and confidence in their use. Improved knowledge of ANF structure will result in development of enzymes directed towards far more specific targets, which enhances the likelihood of success and should reduce the overall enzyme usage.
许多用于单胃动物日粮的饲料原料含有大量抗营养因子（ANF），这限制了它们的饲料价值及其应用。目前使用的几乎所有酶都能在不同程度上应对这些因子，从而使原料得到更经济的利用。然而，文献中报道的动物对木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶甚至植酸酶利用的反应往往各不相同。已表明，诸如酶来源、原料品种以及原料生长、储存和加工成动物饲料的环境、动物年龄、与其他日粮成分的相互作用以及健康状况等因素会显著影响所获得的反应。因此，由于过于强调对个别试验结果的解读而不考虑相互作用因素或整个文献数据集，木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶的作用模式仍存在争议。更好地理解这些因素将改善数据解读。虽然植酸酶的结果不存在如此极端的变化，但该酶可替代无机磷的程度仍然不一致。更深入地了解抗营养因子以及相互作用以控制对外源添加酶反应的因素，无疑将提高经济效益并增强对其使用的信心。对抗营养因子结构的进一步了解将导致开发针对更具体靶点的酶，这增加了成功的可能性并应减少酶的总体使用量。
