The peri-implant papilla: realities on papilla preservation and reformation.

The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the biologic parameters influencing peri-implant papilla preservation and reformation. The article reviews peri-implant papilla reconstruction techniques with emphasis on presurgical bone and soft tissue biotype assessment. Hard tissue management via surgical and orthodontic procedures is also summarized. Finally, the article discusses important implant selection and positioning characteristics, soft tissue augmentation, and emergence profile considerations in the esthetic peri-implant zone.