Van Waeleghem Jean-Pierre, Chamney Melissa, Lindley Elizabeth J, Pancírová Jitka
Department of Nephrology/Hypertension, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium.
J Ren Care. 2008 Dec;34(4):163-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6686.2008.00047.x.
Although haemodialysis (HD) has become a routine treatment, adverse side effects, and occasionally life threatening clinical complications, still happen. Venous needle dislodgment (VND) is one of the most serious accidents that can occur during HD. If the blood pump is not stopped, either by activation of the protective system of the dialysis machine or manually, the patient can bleed to death within minutes. Fatal and near-fatal blood loss due to VND have been described in the literature (ECRI 1998; Sandroni 2005; Mactier & Worth 2007), but published reports represent only the tip of the ice berg, as such incidents are normally handled at a local or national level. The European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA) has produced 12 practice recommendations to help reduce the risk of VND and detect blood leakage as early as possible. A poster summarising these recommendations has been created (Van Waeleghem et al. 2008).
尽管血液透析（HD）已成为一种常规治疗方法，但不良副作用以及偶尔危及生命的临床并发症仍会发生。静脉穿刺针移位（VND）是血液透析过程中可能发生的最严重事故之一。如果不通过启动透析机的保护系统或手动操作来停止血泵，患者可能在几分钟内失血致死。文献中已描述了因VND导致的致命和近乎致命的失血情况（ECRI，1998年；Sandroni，2005年；Mactier和Worth，2007年），但已发表的报告只是冰山一角，因为此类事件通常在地方或国家层面处理。欧洲透析与移植护士协会/欧洲肾脏护理协会（EDTNA/ERCA）制定了12项实践建议，以帮助降低VND风险并尽早发现血液渗漏。已制作了一份总结这些建议的海报（Van Waeleghem等人，2008年）。
