Jena Rahul, Aggarwal Amit, Choudhary Gautam R, Bajpai Nitin K
Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Indian J Nephrol. 2022 Nov-Dec;32(6):531-538. doi: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_240_21. Epub 2022 Dec 1.
The number of patients needing renal replacement therapy (RRT) is increasing rapidly with an increase in lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Kidney transplantation, whenever feasible, is the most preferred mode of RRT. However, there is a growing shortage of donor kidneys for transplantation. While dialysis is partially able to perform the filtration and excretion function of the kidneys, it is still not able to perform the other renal tubular and endocrine functions of a normal kidney and has quality-of-life issues with significant long-term morbidity. The need of the hour is to develop an ideal artificial kidney that would be wearable or implantable and would be able to perform the complete excretory, filtration, tubular, endocrine, and metabolic functions of the kidney while preserving the quality of life and minimizing complications. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of an ideal artificial kidney, the challenges of developing such a device, a brief description of the past and current work on this topic, and what the artificial kidney of the future should look like.
随着糖尿病、高血压和代谢综合征等生活方式疾病的增加，需要肾脏替代疗法（RRT）的患者数量正在迅速增加。只要可行，肾移植是RRT最优选的方式。然而，用于移植的供体肾脏短缺问题日益严重。虽然透析能够部分执行肾脏的过滤和排泄功能，但它仍然无法执行正常肾脏的其他肾小管和内分泌功能，并且存在生活质量问题以及严重的长期发病率。当务之急是开发一种理想的人工肾脏，它可以穿戴或植入体内，并且能够执行肾脏的完整排泄、过滤、肾小管、内分泌和代谢功能，同时保持生活质量并将并发症降至最低。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了理想人工肾脏的特征、开发这种设备所面临的挑战、对该主题过去和当前工作的简要描述，以及未来人工肾脏应该是什么样子。
