Tsai Chung-Jung, Chen Mei-Lien, Chang Keng-Fu, Chang Fu-Kuei, Mao I-Fang
Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chemosphere. 2009 Feb;74(8):1104-10. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.041. Epub 2008 Dec 16.
Plastic waste treatment trends toward recycling in many countries; however, the melting process in the facilities which adopt material recycling method for treating plastic waste may emit toxicants and cause sensory annoyance. The objectives of this study were to analyze the pollution characteristics of the emissions from the plastic waste recycling plants, particularly in harmful volatile organochlorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), odor levels and critical odorants. Ten large recycling plants were selected for analysis of odor concentration (OC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and PAHs inside and outside the plants using olfactometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector, respectively. The olfactometric results showed that the melting processes used for treating polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic waste significantly produced malodor, and the odor levels at downwind boundaries were 100-229 OC, which all exceeded Taiwan's EPA standard of 50 OC. Toluene, ethylbenzene, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, methyl methacrylate and acrolein accounted for most odors compared to numerous VOCs. Sixteen organochlorinated compounds were measured in the ambient air emitted from the PVC plastic waste recycling plant and total concentrations were 245-553 microg m(-3); most were vinyl chloride, chloroform and trichloroethylene. Concentrations of PAHs inside the PE/PP plant were 8.97-252.16 ng m(-3), in which the maximum level were 20-fold higher than the levels detected from boundaries. Most of these recycling plants simply used filter to treat the melting fumes, and this could not efficiently eliminate the gaseous compounds and malodor. Improved exhaust air pollution control were strongly recommended in these industries.
在许多国家，塑料废物处理正朝着回收利用的方向发展；然而，采用材料回收方法处理塑料废物的设施中的熔化过程可能会排放有毒物质并造成感官不适。本研究的目的是分析塑料废物回收厂排放物的污染特征，特别是有害挥发性有机氯化合物、多环芳烃（PAHs）、气味水平和关键气味物质。选择了10家大型回收厂，分别使用嗅觉测定法、气相色谱 - 质谱法和高效液相色谱 - 荧光检测器分析厂内和厂外的气味浓度（OC）、挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和PAHs。嗅觉测定结果表明，用于处理聚乙烯/聚丙烯（PE/PP）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）塑料废物的熔化过程会显著产生恶臭，下风向边界处的气味水平为100 - 229 OC，均超过了台湾环保署50 OC的标准。与众多VOCs相比，甲苯、乙苯、4 - 甲基 - 2 - 戊酮、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯醛占了大部分气味。在PVC塑料废物回收厂排放的环境空气中检测到16种有机氯化合物，总浓度为245 - 553 μg m(-3)；大多数是氯乙烯、氯仿和三氯乙烯。PE/PP厂内PAHs的浓度为8.97 - 252.16 ng m(-3)，其中最高水平比边界处检测到的水平高20倍。这些回收厂大多仅使用过滤器处理熔化烟雾，无法有效消除气态化合物和恶臭。强烈建议这些行业改进废气污染控制。
