Hejna Aleksander, Marć Mariusz, Kowalkowska-Zedler Daria, Pladzyk Agnieszka, Barczewski Mateusz
Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Mar 12;13(6):879. doi: 10.3390/polym13060879.
This paper investigated the impact of twin-screw extrusion parameters on the properties of brewers' spent grain. The chemical structure, antioxidant activity, particle size, and color properties, as well as the emission of volatile organic compounds during extrusion, were investigated. The main compounds detected in the air during modifications were terpenes and terpenoids, such as α-pinene, camphene, 3-carene, limonene, or terpinene. They could be considered as a potential threat to human health and the environment. Changes in the chemical structure, antioxidant activity, and color of materials after modification indicated the Maillard reactions during extrusion, which resulted in the generation of melanoidins, especially at higher temperatures. This should be considered an exciting feature of this treatment method because modified brewers' spent grain may improve the thermooxidative stability of polymer materials. Moreover, the impact of the brewers' spent grain particle size on color and browning index used to determine the melanoidins content was investigated. The presented results show that proper adjustment of extrusion parameters enables the preparation of brewers' spent grain with the desired appearance and chemical properties, which could maximize the efficiency of the modification process.
本文研究了双螺杆挤压参数对啤酒糟性质的影响。对其化学结构、抗氧化活性、粒度、颜色特性以及挤压过程中挥发性有机化合物的排放进行了研究。改性过程中在空气中检测到的主要化合物是萜类和萜类化合物，如α-蒎烯、莰烯、3-蒈烯、柠檬烯或萜品烯。它们可被视为对人类健康和环境的潜在威胁。改性后材料的化学结构、抗氧化活性和颜色变化表明挤压过程中发生了美拉德反应，这导致了类黑素的生成，尤其是在较高温度下。这应被视为这种处理方法的一个令人兴奋的特点，因为改性啤酒糟可能会提高聚合物材料的热氧化稳定性。此外，还研究了啤酒糟粒度对用于测定类黑素含量的颜色和褐变指数的影响。给出的结果表明，适当调整挤压参数能够制备出具有所需外观和化学性质的啤酒糟，这可以使改性过程的效率最大化。
