Fermoso Fernando G, Bartacek Jan, Jansen Stefan, Lens Piet N L
Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, "Biotechnion"-Bomenweg 2, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Jun 1;407(12):3652-67. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.043. Epub 2008 Dec 16.
Upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) bioreactors are commonly used for anaerobic wastewater treatment. Trace metals need to be dosed to these bioreactors to maintain microbial metabolism and growth. The dosing needs to balance the supply of a minimum amount of micronutrients to support a desired microbial activity or growth rate with a maximum level of micronutrient supply above which the trace metals become inhibitory or toxic. In studies on granular sludge reactors, the required micronutrients are undefined and different metal formulations with differences in composition, concentration and species are used. Moreover, an appropriate quantification of the required nutrient dosing and suitable ranges during the entire operational period has been given little attention. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge of the interactions between trace metals and cells growing in anaerobic granules, which is the main type of biomass retention in anaerobic wastewater treatment reactors. The impact of trace metal limitation as well as overdosing (toxicity) on the biomass is overviewed and the consequences for reactor performance are detailed. Special attention is given to the influence of metal speciation in the liquid and solid phase on bioavailability. The currently used methods for trace metal dosing into wastewater treatment reactors are overviewed and ways of optimization are suggested.
上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）生物反应器常用于厌氧废水处理。需要向这些生物反应器中添加微量金属以维持微生物的代谢和生长。添加量需要在支持所需微生物活性或生长速率的最低微量营养素供应量与微量营养素供应的最高水平之间取得平衡，超过该水平微量金属会产生抑制作用或毒性。在颗粒污泥反应器的研究中，所需的微量营养素尚不明确，使用了成分、浓度和种类不同的不同金属配方。此外，在整个运行期间对所需营养物添加量的适当量化以及合适范围很少受到关注。本综述总结了微量金属与厌氧颗粒中生长的细胞之间相互作用的最新知识，厌氧颗粒是厌氧废水处理反应器中主要的生物质保留类型。概述了微量金属限制以及过量添加（毒性）对生物质的影响，并详细阐述了对反应器性能的影响。特别关注液相和固相中金属形态对生物有效性的影响。综述了目前用于向废水处理反应器中添加微量金属的方法，并提出了优化方法。
