Schrauf Robert W, Sanchez Julia
Department of Applied Linguistics, Pennsylvania State University, 305 Sparks Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008 Nov;63(6):S385-93. doi: 10.1093/geronb/63.6.s385.
Freelisting is a brief, paper-and-pencil technique in which participants make lists of items that they believe belong in a particular domain. Where cultural domains are shared, as for young and old in the same society, subtle intracultural differences may be difficult to detect. This article presents a series of techniques for revealing and describing this intracultural variation in freelisted data among young versus old age groups.
Older (N = 30) and younger (N = 31) Mexicans in Mexico City made freelists in four quotidian domains: animals, emotions, illnesses, and gendered occupations.
We used minimum residual factor analysis (consensus analysis) to establish domain coherence and assess overall consensus concerning contents of the domains. We established subvariation within the overall consensus by comparing levels of observed versus predicted inter-informant agreement. Results showed divergent patterns of inter-informant agreement between young and old participants across domains. Qualitative examination of items with higher salience for young versus old revealed age differences consistent with prior findings in each domain.
The concatenation of these techniques renders freelisting an accessible, easily administered tool for probing age and group differences in cultural domains.
自由列举法是一种简短的纸笔技术，参与者需列出他们认为属于特定领域的项目清单。在文化领域共享的情况下，如同同一社会中的年轻人和老年人，微妙的文化内部差异可能难以察觉。本文介绍了一系列用于揭示和描述年轻人与老年人群体自由列举数据中这种文化内部差异的技术。
墨西哥城的30名老年人（N = 30）和31名年轻人（N = 31）针对四个日常领域进行自由列举：动物、情感、疾病和性别化职业。
我们使用最小残差因子分析（共识分析）来建立领域连贯性，并评估关于领域内容的总体共识。通过比较观察到的与预测的信息提供者之间的一致性水平，我们在总体共识中确定了子差异。结果显示，不同领域的年轻和老年参与者之间信息提供者的一致性模式存在差异。对年轻人和老年人具有较高显著性的项目进行定性检查，发现每个领域的年龄差异与先前的研究结果一致。
这些技术的结合使自由列举法成为一种可获取、易于实施的工具，用于探究文化领域中的年龄和群体差异。
