Liberman Danica B, Teach Stephen J
Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008 Dec;24(12):861-6; quiz 867-9. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31818ea116.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. The key to successful management of anaphylaxis involves rapid diagnosis, assessment, and early initiation of therapy. Epinephrine is the undisputed initial therapy for anaphylaxis, and its administration should never be delayed. In most cases, additional interventions such as oxygen therapy, fluid resuscitation, beta-agonists, antihistamines, and corticosteroids should be strongly considered. Although hospital course must be individualized to meet each patient's needs, a minimum of 4 to 6 hours of observation period after complete symptom resolution may be reasonable to monitor for recurrence of symptoms and biphasic reaction. Before discharge, every patient should receive patient education about anaphylaxis, a prescription for self-injectable epinephrine, and instructions for follow-up care.
过敏反应是一种严重的、危及生命的免疫球蛋白E（IgE）介导的超敏反应。成功管理过敏反应的关键在于快速诊断、评估并尽早开始治疗。肾上腺素是无可争议的过敏反应初始治疗药物，其给药绝不应延迟。在大多数情况下，应强烈考虑其他干预措施，如氧疗、液体复苏、β受体激动剂、抗组胺药和皮质类固醇。尽管住院疗程必须因人而异以满足每个患者的需求，但在症状完全缓解后至少观察4至6小时以监测症状复发和双相反应可能是合理的。出院前，每位患者都应接受关于过敏反应的患者教育、自我注射肾上腺素的处方以及后续护理指导。
