Department of Earth Sciences and Center for Earth and Environmental Science, SL118, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2009 Dec;159(1-4):367-79. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0635-5. Epub 2008 Dec 19.
Accurately estimating various solute loads in streams during storms is critical to accurately determine maximum daily loads for regulatory purposes. This study investigates the impact of sampling strategy on solute load estimates in streams in the US Midwest. Three different solute types (nitrate, magnesium, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) and three sampling strategies are assessed. Regardless of the method, the average error on nitrate loads is higher than for magnesium or DOC loads, and all three methods generally underestimate DOC loads and overestimate magnesium loads. Increasing sampling frequency only slightly improves the accuracy of solute load estimates but generally improves the precision of load calculations. This type of investigation is critical for water management and environmental assessment so error on solute load calculations can be taken into account by landscape managers, and sampling strategies optimized as a function of monitoring objectives.
准确估计暴雨期间河流中各种溶质负荷对于准确确定监管目的下的最大日负荷至关重要。本研究调查了采样策略对美国中西部河流中溶质负荷估算的影响。评估了三种不同的溶质类型（硝酸盐、镁和溶解有机碳（DOC））和三种采样策略。无论采用哪种方法，硝酸盐负荷的平均误差都高于镁或 DOC 负荷，所有三种方法通常低估 DOC 负荷，高估镁负荷。增加采样频率只能略微提高溶质负荷估算的准确性，但通常会提高负荷计算的精密度。这种类型的调查对于水资源管理和环境评估至关重要，因此可以由景观管理者考虑溶质负荷计算中的误差，并根据监测目标优化采样策略。
