Backman Gunilla, Hunt Paul, Khosla Rajat, Jaramillo-Strouss Camila, Fikre Belachew Mekuria, Rumble Caroline, Pevalin David, Páez David Acurio, Pineda Mónica Armijos, Frisancho Ariel, Tarco Duniska, Motlagh Mitra, Farcasanu Dana, Vladescu Cristian
Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg SE-402 42, Sweden.
Lancet. 2008 Dec 13;372(9655):2047-85. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61781-X.
60 years ago, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights laid the foundations for the right to the highest attainable standard of health. This right is central to the creation of equitable health systems. We identify some of the right-to health features of health systems, such as a comprehensive national health plan, and propose 72 indicators that reflect some of these features. We collect globally processed data on these indicators for 194 countries and national data for Ecuador, Mozambique, Peru, Romania, and Sweden. Globally processed data were not available for 18 indicators for any country, suggesting that organisations that obtain such data give insufficient attention to the right-to-health features of health systems. Where they are available, the indicators show where health systems need to be improved to better realise the right to health. We provide recommendations for governments, international bodies, civil-society organisations, and other institutions and suggest that these indicators and data, although not perfect, provide a basis for the monitoring of health systems and the progressive realisation of the right to health. Right-to-health features are not just good management, justice, or humanitarianism, they are obligations under human-rights law.
60年前，《世界人权宣言》奠定了享有能达到的最高健康标准权利的基础。这项权利是建立公平卫生系统的核心。我们确定了卫生系统中一些健康权的特征，比如全面的国家卫生计划，并提出了72项反映其中一些特征的指标。我们收集了194个国家关于这些指标的全球处理数据以及厄瓜多尔、莫桑比克、秘鲁、罗马尼亚和瑞典的国家数据。任何国家都没有18项指标的全球处理数据，这表明获取此类数据的组织对卫生系统的健康权特征关注不足。在有数据的地方，这些指标显示了卫生系统需要在哪些方面改进以更好地实现健康权。我们为各国政府、国际机构、民间社会组织和其他机构提供了建议，并指出这些指标和数据虽然并不完美，但为监测卫生系统和逐步实现健康权提供了一个基础。健康权特征不仅仅是良好的管理、正义或人道主义，它们是人权法规定的义务。
