Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo,Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Program in Biomedic Postgraduate al Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2024 Jul 19;22:eRW0519. doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RW0519. eCollection 2024.
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function and considerably affects the lives of patients and their families. Its high incidence necessitates efficient public policies for prevention and treatment. However, policies for chronic kidney disease education and awareness are scarce.
To evaluate global public policies for the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease adopted in various regions, aiming to comprehend the differences between various models.
This integrative review followed PRISMA recommendations and included papers published between 2016 and 2021 across several databases.
The 44 selected articles were categorized into three themes: structural and financial aspects of the organization of renal healthcare, access to renal healthcare or management of chronic kidney disease, and coping strategies for chronic kidney disease or kidney health. Critical analysis of the papers revealed global neglect of kidney disease in political agendas. Considerable policy variations exist between different countries and regions of the same country. Our research highlighted that free and universal health coverage, especially for the most vulnerable patients, is crucial for accessing treatment owing to the prohibitively high treatment costs.
Social, economic, and ethnic inequalities strongly correlate with disease occurrence, primarily affecting minority groups who lack health support, especially for the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
慢性肾脏病是一种进行性和不可逆转的肾功能丧失，极大地影响了患者及其家庭的生活。其高发病率需要有效的公共政策来进行预防和治疗。然而，针对慢性肾脏病教育和意识的政策却很少。
评估全球不同地区预防和治疗慢性肾脏病的公共政策，旨在了解不同模式之间的差异。
本综合评价遵循 PRISMA 建议，并纳入了 2016 年至 2021 年期间在多个数据库中发表的论文。
选择的 44 篇文章分为三个主题：肾脏保健组织的结构和财务方面、肾脏保健的获取或慢性肾脏病的管理，以及慢性肾脏病或肾脏健康的应对策略。对这些论文的批判性分析表明，全球政治议程中忽视了肾脏疾病。不同国家和同一国家的不同地区之间存在着相当大的政策差异。我们的研究强调，免费和全民健康覆盖，特别是对最脆弱的患者，对于获得治疗至关重要，因为治疗费用高得令人望而却步。
社会、经济和种族不平等与疾病的发生密切相关，主要影响缺乏健康支持的少数群体，特别是在预防和治疗慢性肾脏病方面。
