Lonsdorf A S, Enk A H
Universitäts-Hautklinik, Vossstrasse 11, 69115, Heidelberg.
Hautarzt. 2009 Jan;60(1):32-41. doi: 10.1007/s00105-008-1642-8.
Eczema is one of the most common skin diseases in dermatological practice. The broad medical definition of eczema includes any acute but non-infectious inflammatory reaction of the skin. The relative homogeneity of both the clinical and histological manifestations of eczema is in stark contrast to the profound pathogenetic differences of its various forms. The group of contact dermatitis can be divided into two main categories: irritant and allergic. Irritant contact dermatitis is due to a principally non- immunological inflammatory reaction of the skin to various physical or chemical irritants. In sharp contrast, allergic contact dermatitis is an antigen-specific cellular immune response of the skin, which in general requires prior antigen-recognition and priming of immune cells. A comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between immune cells, inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules in the underlying pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis is key for a better functional understanding and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
湿疹是皮肤科临床实践中最常见的皮肤病之一。湿疹的广义医学定义包括皮肤的任何急性但非感染性炎症反应。湿疹临床和组织学表现的相对同质性与其各种形式的深刻发病机制差异形成鲜明对比。接触性皮炎可分为两大类：刺激性和过敏性。刺激性接触性皮炎主要是由于皮肤对各种物理或化学刺激物产生非免疫性炎症反应。与之形成鲜明对比的是，过敏性接触性皮炎是皮肤的一种抗原特异性细胞免疫反应，一般需要先前的抗原识别和免疫细胞的致敏。全面了解免疫细胞、炎症介质和黏附分子在过敏性接触性皮炎潜在发病机制中的复杂相互作用，是更好地从功能上理解并开发新治疗策略的关键。
