Li Sheng-hui, Shen Xiao-ming, Jin Xing-ming, Yan Chong-huai, Wu Sheng-hu, Jiang Fan, Yu Xiao-dan, Qiu Yu-lan
Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200027, China.
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Mar;46(3):185-9.
To survey the sleep habits (bedtime, wake time), sleep duration, and sleep problems in school-age children of China.
From November to December, 2005, a total of 19,299 school-age children from 55 elementary schools of 9 cities entered the study by a cross-sectional survey. A parent-administered questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire were applied to investigate children's sociodemographic characteristics and sleep behaviors, respectively.
The mean sleep duration was 9 hours and 10 minutes (9:10, SD:48 min) during the weekdays and 9:48 (SD: 63 min) during the weekends. In about 71.4% and 41.8% school-aged children the sleep duration per day did not reach the lowest criterion of 10 hours recommended by the Ministry of Education of China during weekdays and weekends, respectively. Sleep problems were common with prevalence ranging from 14.5% for sleep-disordered breathing to 75.3% for daytime sleepiness. Parasomnia (chi(2) = 13.76, P < 0.01) and sleep-disordered breathing (chi(2) = 119.83, P < 0.01) were more prevalent in boys than in girls; however, sleep anxiety was more prevalent in girls than in boys (chi(2) = 19.42, P < 0.01). Except for night waking, other types of sleep problems were significantly associated with age.
Inadequate sleep duration and sleep problems prevail among school-age children, which indicates that children's sleep health may be a major public health concern in China.
调查中国学龄儿童的睡眠习惯（就寝时间、起床时间）、睡眠时间及睡眠问题。
2005年11月至12月，通过横断面调查，来自9个城市55所小学的19299名学龄儿童纳入本研究。分别采用家长填写的问卷和中文版儿童睡眠习惯问卷调查儿童的社会人口学特征和睡眠行为。
工作日的平均睡眠时间为9小时10分钟（9:10，标准差：48分钟），周末为9小时48分钟（标准差：63分钟）。分别约有71.4%和41.8%的学龄儿童在工作日和周末每天的睡眠时间未达到中国教育部建议的最低标准10小时。睡眠问题普遍存在，患病率从睡眠呼吸障碍的14.5%到日间嗜睡的75.3%不等。异态睡眠（χ² = 13.76，P < 0.01）和睡眠呼吸障碍（χ² = 119.83，P < 0.01）在男孩中比在女孩中更普遍；然而，睡眠焦虑在女孩中比在男孩中更普遍（χ² = 19.42，P < 0.01）。除夜间醒来外，其他类型的睡眠问题与年龄显著相关。
学龄儿童中普遍存在睡眠时间不足和睡眠问题，这表明儿童睡眠健康可能是中国的一个主要公共卫生问题。
