School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
Sleep Med. 2013 Jan;14(1):45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.09.022. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
The study aimed to (1) characterize sleep patterns and sleep disturbances among Chinese school-aged children, (2) determine the prevalence of their short sleep duration and sleep disturbances based on clinical cutoffs, and (3) examine possible factors (socio-demographic factors and emotional/behavioral problems) that are associated with sleep disturbances.
A large representative sample of 912 children aged 6-14years was recruited from Shenzhen, China. Their parents completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
The mean bedtime was 9:45pm (SD=1h 11min), mean wake-up time was 7:03am (SD=31min), mean sleep duration was 9h 14min (SD=46min), and 23.8% of the children had sleep duration <9h. Overall, 69.3% of the children suffered from global sleep disturbances (CSHQ total score >41). Bedtime resistance (22.9%), sleep anxiety (22.1%), sleep duration (21%) and daytime sleepiness (20%) were the most prevalent sleep disturbances; followed by sleep disordered breathing (12.1%), parasomnias (9.4%), sleep onset delay (6.9%), and night waking (5.2%). The prevalence of specific sleep disturbances ranged from 3.2% (falling asleep while watching television) to 81.9% (awakening by others in the morning). Correlations between most domains of sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioral problems were statistically significant (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that gender (β=0.10, p<0.01), school grade (β=-0.09, p<0.05), co-sleeping (β=0.25, p<0.01), emotional symptoms (β=0.24, p<0.01), conduct problems (β=0.09, p<0.05), and hyperactivity (β=0.17, p<0.01) accounted for significant variance in CSHQ total score.
Short sleep duration and sleep disturbances are prevalent among Chinese school-aged children. Sleep disturbances are associated with gender, school grade, co-sleeping, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and hyperactivity.
本研究旨在：(1) 描述中国学龄儿童的睡眠模式和睡眠障碍；(2) 根据临床标准，确定其睡眠时间短和睡眠障碍的流行率；(3) 探讨与睡眠障碍相关的可能因素（社会人口因素和情绪/行为问题）。
从中国深圳招募了 912 名 6-14 岁的代表性儿童。他们的父母完成了儿童睡眠习惯问卷（CSHQ）和长处和困难问卷（SDQ）。
平均就寝时间为 9:45pm（SD=1h 11min），平均醒来时间为 7:03am（SD=31min），平均睡眠时间为 9h 14min（SD=46min），有 23.8%的儿童睡眠时间<9h。总体而言，69.3%的儿童存在全球睡眠障碍（CSHQ 总分>41）。最常见的睡眠障碍是就寝时间抵抗（22.9%）、睡眠焦虑（22.1%）、睡眠时间（21%）和白天嗜睡（20%）；其次是睡眠呼吸障碍（12.1%）、睡眠障碍（9.4%）、入睡延迟（6.9%）和夜间醒来（5.2%）。特定睡眠障碍的流行率范围为 3.2%（看电视时入睡）至 81.9%（早晨被他人唤醒）。睡眠障碍的大多数领域与情绪/行为问题之间存在统计学上的显著相关性（p<0.05 或 p<0.01）。分层多元回归分析显示，性别（β=0.10，p<0.01）、学校年级（β=-0.09，p<0.05）、共睡（β=0.25，p<0.01）、情绪症状（β=0.24，p<0.01）、行为问题（β=0.09，p<0.05）和多动（β=0.17，p<0.01）可解释 CSHQ 总分的显著差异。
中国学龄儿童的睡眠时间短和睡眠障碍很普遍。睡眠障碍与性别、学校年级、共睡、情绪症状、行为问题和多动有关。
