Potter Katherine E, Watts Bryan D, La Guardia Mark J, Harvey Ellen P, Hale Robert C
Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 May;28(5):973-81. doi: 10.1897/08-350.1.
A total of 23 peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) eggs were obtained between 1993 and 2002 from 13 nests, encompassing 11 locations in the Chesapeake Bay region, U.S.A. When multiple eggs were available from the same clutch, average clutch contaminant concentrations were calculated. An overall median total polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) level of 201 ng/g wet weight was determined for the eggs/clutches examined. The maximum in an individual egg, from an urban highway bridge site, was 354 ng/g. This egg also exhibited the highest BDE 209 burden (48.2 ng/g). Compared to distributions reported in fish and piscivorous birds, falcon eggs were enriched in the more brominated congeners. The BDE congeners 153, 99, and 100 constituted 26.0, 24.8, and 13.1%, respectively, of total PBDEs. In most aquatic species, BDE 47 is the most abundant congener reported; however, it constituted only 4.4% of total PBDEs in the eggs of the present study. The median BDE 209 concentration was 6.3 ng/g. The sum of the octa- to nonabrominated congeners (BDEs 196, 197, 206, 207, and 208) contributed, on average, 14.0% of total PBDEs, exceeding the contribution of BDE 209 (5.9%). Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (4,4'-DDE) also were determined in a subset of 16 eggs (collected in 2001-2002 from six nests) and were an order of magnitude greater than the corresponding PBDEs. Median BDE 209 concentrations were significantly correlated (p < 0.01, Spearman R = 0.690) with the human population density of the area surrounding the nest. Total PBDEs, total PCBs, and 4,4'-DDE levels were not correlated to human population density.
1993年至2002年间，从美国切萨皮克湾地区11个地点的13个巢穴中获取了总共23枚游隼（矛隼）蛋。当同一窝中有多个蛋时，计算了平均窝污染物浓度。在所检测的蛋/窝中，确定总多溴二苯醚（PBDE）的总体中位水平为201纳克/克湿重。来自城市公路桥梁地点的一枚单个蛋中的最大值为354纳克/克。这枚蛋还表现出最高的BDE 209含量（48.2纳克/克）。与鱼类和食鱼鸟类中报告的分布相比，游隼蛋中更多溴化同系物的含量更高。BDE同系物153、99和100分别占总PBDEs的26.0%、24.8%和13.1%。在大多数水生物种中，BDE 47是报告的最丰富同系物；然而，在本研究的蛋中，它仅占总PBDEs的4.4%。BDE 209的中位浓度为6.3纳克/克。八溴至九溴同系物（BDEs 196、197、206、207和208）的总和平均占总PBDEs的14.0%，超过了BDE 209的贡献（5.9%）。还在16枚蛋的子集中（2001 - 2002年从六个巢穴收集）测定了多氯联苯（PCBs）和1,1 - 二氯 - 2,2 - 双（对氯苯基）乙烯（4,4'-DDE）的浓度，其浓度比相应的PBDEs高一个数量级。BDE 209的中位浓度与巢穴周围地区的人口密度显著相关（p < 0.01，Spearman相关系数R = 0.690）。总PBDEs、总PCBs和4,4'-DDE水平与人口密度无关。
