Frey Hans-Peter, Honey Christian, König Peter
Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
J Vis. 2008 Oct 23;8(14):6.1-17. doi: 10.1167/8.14.6.
Certain locations attract human gaze in natural visual scenes. Are there measurable features, which distinguish these locations from others? While there has been extensive research on luminance-defined features, only few studies have examined the influence of color on overt attention. In this study, we addressed this question by presenting color-calibrated stimuli and analyzing color features that are known to be relevant for the responses of LGN neurons. We recorded eye movements of 15 human subjects freely viewing colored and grayscale images of seven different categories. All images were also analyzed by the saliency map model (L. Itti, C. Koch, & E. Niebur, 1998). We find that human fixation locations differ between colored and grayscale versions of the same image much more than predicted by the saliency map. Examining the influence of various color features on overt attention, we find two extreme categories: while in rainforest images all color features are salient, none is salient in fractals. In all other categories, color features are selectively salient. This shows that the influence of color on overt attention depends on the type of image. Also, it is crucial to analyze neurophysiologically relevant color features for quantifying the influence of color on attention.
在自然视觉场景中，某些位置会吸引人类的目光。是否存在可测量的特征，能将这些位置与其他位置区分开来？尽管对亮度定义的特征已有广泛研究，但仅有少数研究考察了颜色对显性注意力的影响。在本研究中，我们通过呈现颜色校准的刺激并分析已知与外侧膝状体神经元反应相关的颜色特征来解决这个问题。我们记录了15名人类受试者自由观看七个不同类别的彩色和灰度图像时的眼动情况。所有图像还通过显著性图模型（L.伊提、C.科赫和E.尼布尔，1998年）进行了分析。我们发现，同一图像的彩色和灰度版本之间，人类的注视位置差异比显著性图预测的要大得多。在考察各种颜色特征对显性注意力的影响时，我们发现了两个极端类别：在雨林图像中，所有颜色特征都很显著，而在分形图像中则没有一个颜色特征是显著的。在所有其他类别中，颜色特征是选择性显著的。这表明颜色对显性注意力的影响取决于图像的类型。此外，分析与神经生理学相关的颜色特征对于量化颜色对注意力的影响至关重要。
