Beyer Jochen, Drummer Olaf H, Maurer Hans H
Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and Monash University, Department of Forensic Medicine, 57-83 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, 3006, Australia.
Forensic Sci Int. 2009 Mar 10;185(1-3):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.12.006. Epub 2009 Jan 14.
Many plants contain toxic alkaloids which may be dangerous to humans. Despite the large number of poisonous plants, cases of fatal plant poisonings are relatively rare. The frequencies of poisonings and the plants involved are often regionally specific. Plant poisonings can be aggregated into three categories: unintended ingestions, intended ingestions, and poisoning due to abuse of plant material. Unintended ingestions often occur in children or from a mix-up of plants and mushrooms in adults. Intended ingestions are common in homicides and suicides. Increasingly common is the abuse of plants for hallucinogenic reasons. Toxicological analysis of such alkaloids may help in diagnosis of poisoning or abuse cases. This review describes the toxic alkaloids aconitine, atropine, coniine, colchicine, cytisine, dimethyltryptamine, harmine, harmaline, ibogaine, kawain, mescaline, scopolamine, and taxine, which are often involved in fatal and non-fatal poisonings. The paper summarizes the symptoms of the intoxications and reviews the methods of detection of their toxic constituents in biological fluids.
许多植物含有对人类可能有害的有毒生物碱。尽管有毒植物数量众多，但致命的植物中毒案例相对较少。中毒的频率以及涉及的植物往往具有地区特异性。植物中毒可分为三类：意外摄入、故意摄入以及因滥用植物材料导致的中毒。意外摄入常见于儿童，或成人因混淆植物与蘑菇而发生。故意摄入在他杀和自杀案例中很常见。因致幻原因滥用植物的情况日益普遍。对此类生物碱的毒理学分析可能有助于中毒或滥用案例的诊断。本综述描述了经常导致致命和非致命中毒的有毒生物碱，如乌头碱、阿托品、coniine、秋水仙碱、金雀花碱、二甲基色胺、骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱、伊博格碱、卡瓦因、三甲氧苯乙胺、东莨菪碱和紫杉碱。本文总结了中毒症状，并综述了在生物体液中检测其有毒成分的方法。
