Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F, Rascón-Pacheco R A
Mexican Social Security Institute, Biomedical Research Unit, Siqueiros 225 esq/Castaneda, Durango 34000, Dgo., Mexico.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Jul;19(6):409-16. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.08.005. Epub 2009 Jan 17.
Tepehuanos Indians, a traditional Mexican ethnic group, followed a vegetarian diet exhibiting a low prevalence of obesity and the absence of diabetes. However, from the year 2000 the traditional diet of the Tepehuanos was modified by the introduction of western food. In this study we examine the changes in their customary diet and its impact on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in this group.
Individuals from 12 Tepehuanos communities were randomly enrolled during 1995-1996 and 2006-2007. Using a 64-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire macronutrient intakes were calculated from values of Mexican food-composition tables. Cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were determined. The median (25, 75 percentile) of total caloric intake (1476 [1083, 1842]-2100 [1366, 2680]kcal/day, p<0.001) as well as the percentage of energy consumed from saturated fat (3.0 [2.7,4.1]-7.2 [3.9,7.4], p<0.0001) and protein (8.2 [7.8,8.9]-16.8 [16.3,17.1], p<0.0001) increased, whereas the percentage of total calorie intake from carbohydrates (66.4 [61.3,69.5]-61.3 [61,68.8], p<0.0001), polyunsaturated fat (11.2 [10.3,12.1]-4.0 [3.9,4.3], p<0.0001), and the polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio (3.84-0.53%, p<0.0001) decreased during the period of study. The prevalence of obesity (11.1-21.9%, p=0.04), impaired fasting glucose (5.9-14.9%, p=0.04), diabetes (0.0-0.88%, p=0.48), hypertension (1.7-3.4%, p=0.43), triglycerides (2.6-16.7%, p=0.0006), and low HDL-cholesterol (10.2-71.1%, p<0.0001) increased.
Changes in the customary diet introduced in the Tepehuanos communities are related to the increase of cardiovascular risk factors.
特佩瓦诺印第安人是墨西哥的一个传统民族，遵循素食饮食，肥胖率较低且无糖尿病。然而，自2000年起，西方食物的引入改变了特佩瓦诺人的传统饮食。在本研究中，我们考察了他们习惯饮食的变化及其对该群体心血管危险因素患病率的影响。
在1995 - 1996年和2006 - 2007年期间，从12个特佩瓦诺社区随机招募个体。使用一份包含64个条目的半定量食物频率问卷，根据墨西哥食物成分表中的数据计算常量营养素摄入量。确定心血管危险因素，如肥胖、高血压、高血糖和血脂异常。在研究期间，总热量摄入的中位数（第25、75百分位数）（1476 [1083, 1842] - 2100 [1366, 2680]千卡/天，p<0.001）以及饱和脂肪（3.0 [2.7, 4.1] - 7.2 [3.9, 7.4]，p<0.0001）和蛋白质（8.2 [7.8, 8.9] - 16.8 [16.3, 17.1]，p<0.0001）所提供能量的百分比增加，而碳水化合物（66.4 [61.3, 69.5] - 61.3 [61, 68.8]，p<0.0001）、多不饱和脂肪（11.2 [10.3, 12.1] - 4.0 [3.9, 4.3]，p<0.0001）所提供总热量的百分比以及多不饱和脂肪与饱和脂肪的比例（3.84 - 0.53%，p<0.0001）下降。肥胖（11.1 - 21.9%，p = 0.04）、空腹血糖受损（5.9 - 14.9%，p = 0.04）、糖尿病（0.0 - 0.88%，p = 0.48）、高血压（1.7 - 3.4%，p = 0.43）、甘油三酯（2.6 - 16.7%，p = 0.0006）和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（10.2 - 71.1%，p<0.0001）的患病率增加。
特佩瓦诺社区引入的习惯饮食变化与心血管危险因素的增加有关。
