Rodríguez-Morán Martha, Guerrero-Romero Fernando, Brito-Zurita Olga, Rascón-Pacheco Ramón A, Pérez-Fuentes Ricardo, Sánchez-Guillén María C, González-Ortiz Manuel, Martínez-Abundis Esperanza, Simental-Mendía Luís E, Madero Agustín, Revilla-Monsalve Cristina, Flores-Martínez Silvia E, Islas-Andrade Sergio, Cruz Miguel, Wacher Niels, Sánchez-Corona José
Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.
Arch Med Res. 2008 Apr;39(3):352-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.12.003.
Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are influenced by behavioral, cultural, and social factors, suggesting that acculturation plays a significant role in the emergency and growth of chronic disease. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between CV risk factors and the main components of acculturation, in Yaquis and Tepehuanos Indians from Mexico.
This was a cross-sectional population-based study in Yaquis and Tepehuanos communities from the Yaqui Valley in Sonora and the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains in Durango, in northwest Mexico. Acculturation status is different in both ethnic groups, with Tepehuanos living in small and remote communities retaining their traditional lifestyle and Yaquis living in well-communicated communities that have assumed Westernized lifestyles.
A total of 278 indigenous (120 Tepehuanos and 158 Yaquis) were randomly enrolled. Prevalence of obesity (48.1 and 6.7%, p <0.001), diabetes (18.3 and 0.83%, p <0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (43.0 and 15.0%, p <0.001), alcohol consumption (46.8 and 26.6%, p >0.001), and smoking (29.7 and 15.0%, p = 0.006) were significantly higher in Yaquis Indians. High blood pressure (6.3 and 3.3%, p = 0.40) and low HDL-cholesterol (42.4 and 34.2%, p = 0.22) were similar between Yaquis and Tepehuanos. Multivariate regression analysis adjusted by sex and age showed a significant association between calorie intake from saturated fat, but not other nutrients of customary diet, with hyperglycemia (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.6-20.1), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.3), and obesity (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6-10.1).
Among the components of acculturation, intake of saturated fat is the most strongly associated with the development of CV risk factors.
心血管（CV）危险因素受行为、文化和社会因素影响，这表明文化适应在慢性病的发生和发展中起重要作用。本研究的目的是确定墨西哥亚基族和特佩瓦诺族印第安人心血管危险因素与文化适应的主要组成部分之间的关系。
这是一项基于人群的横断面研究，研究对象来自墨西哥西北部索诺拉州亚基河谷和杜兰戈州西马德雷山脉的亚基族和特佩瓦诺族社区。两个族群的文化适应状况不同，特佩瓦诺族生活在偏远的小社区，保留着传统生活方式，而亚基族生活在交通便利的社区，已采用西方化生活方式。
共随机纳入278名原住民（120名特佩瓦诺族和158名亚基族）。亚基族印第安人的肥胖患病率（48.1%和6.7%，p<0.001）、糖尿病患病率（18.3%和0.83%，p<0.001）、高甘油三酯血症患病率（43.0%和15.0%，p<0.001）、饮酒率（46.8%和26.6%，p>0.001）和吸烟率（29.7%和15.0%，p = 0.006）显著更高。亚基族和特佩瓦诺族的高血压患病率（6.3%和3.3%，p = 0.40）和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇患病率（42.4%和34.2%，p = 0.22）相似。经性别和年龄调整的多变量回归分析显示，饱和脂肪的热量摄入与高血糖（OR 7.4，95%CI 2.6 - 20.1）、高甘油三酯血症（OR 3.1，95%CI 1.5 - 6.3）和肥胖（OR 3.4，95%CI 1.6 - 10.1）之间存在显著关联，但与传统饮食的其他营养素无关。
在文化适应的组成部分中，饱和脂肪的摄入与心血管危险因素的发展关联最为密切。
