Mason Walter H
University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1440, USA.
Nurs Philos. 2009 Jan;10(1):4-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-769X.2008.00376.x.
Identity, difference, and the associated subject of cultural diversity pose challenges for nursing. As the demographics of the world change, demands are rising for nurses to provide sensitive, individualized care to people living in our ever-changing global community. Issues concerning gender, sexuality, disability, age, language, economic and occupational status, multiculturalism, and ethnicity are made more complex because many of these topics strike a personal chord for individual nurses. In order for nursing to provide appropriate care to the world's people and to meet future challenges, nursing must define itself in new ways. Kikuchi and Simmons have stated that the best way for nursing to approach this task is through the development of a 'sound' philosophy of nursing that will 'accommodate diversity in nursing thought'. They contend that before we can establish a philosophy of nursing, nurses will have to agree upon the nature of reality, human beings, truth, and knowledge. This paper will suggest that neopragmatism, as described by Richard Rorty, is a way to assure diversity of thought in nursing. However, I will argue against the requirement for this philosophy to be 'sound' in the sense that Kikuchi and Simmons use this term. In place of their call for 'truth and unity in nursing thought'. I will attempt to demonstrate how neopragmatic ideas relate to the construction of what Rorty called a unifying 'plausible narrative of progress'. This change will allow nursing to abandon the dead end debate over epistemologies and instead focus on more important issues related to improving nursing practice.
身份认同、差异以及与之相关的文化多样性主题给护理工作带来了挑战。随着世界人口结构的变化，对护士的需求日益增加，要求他们为生活在不断变化的全球社区中的人们提供体贴入微、个性化的护理。涉及性别、性取向、残疾、年龄、语言、经济和职业地位、多元文化主义以及种族等问题变得更加复杂，因为其中许多话题都能引起护士个人的情感共鸣。为了使护理工作能够为全球人民提供适当的护理并应对未来的挑战，护理必须以新的方式进行自我定义。菊池和西蒙斯指出，护理实现这一任务的最佳途径是通过发展一种“合理的”护理哲学，这种哲学将“包容护理思想的多样性”。他们认为，在我们能够确立护理哲学之前，护士们必须就现实、人类、真理和知识的本质达成共识。本文将提出，正如理查德·罗蒂所描述的新实用主义，是确保护理思想多样性的一种方式。然而，我将反对按照菊池和西蒙斯使用该术语的那种意义，要求这种哲学必须“合理”。取代他们对“护理思想中的真理与统一”的呼吁，我将试图展示新实用主义思想如何与构建罗蒂所称的统一的“似是而非的进步叙事”相关联。这一转变将使护理能够摒弃关于认识论的无果争论，转而关注与改善护理实践相关的更重要问题。
